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Immunology and Microbiology > Chapter 5 - T cell (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - T cell (Exam 3) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

similarities of antibodies to TCR

A

both have 2 chains
1 constant region
gene rearrangment

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2
Q

differences of antibodies to TCR

A

Ab is wide range, TCR is peptides only
no further change in TCR after Ag stimulation
Ab has 2 binding sites, TCR has 1
TCR is membrane bound only

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3
Q

unlike antibodies, TCR is membrane bound only. This means its function is to only _____________ and it has no ____________

A

recognize the antigen

no effector function

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4
Q

TCR resembles _______ of an antibody

A

Fab

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5
Q

somatic recombination in TCR

A

rearrange the beta chain
only 1 Ca gene segment

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6
Q

RAG proteins are essential for

A

adaptive immunity

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7
Q

omenn syndrome

A

partial loss of RAG protein activity
fatal

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8
Q

treatment for SCID and Omenn syndrome

A

bone marrow transplant at birth

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9
Q

MHC heterozygosity delays

A

AIDS progression

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10
Q

populations maintain a _________ of HLA Class I and II ______________

A

diversity

allotypes

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11
Q

gamma chain delta chain T cell receptor

A

1-5% of T cells
function is less defined
can bind peptide without MHC

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12
Q

the delta chain has more ___________ than the beta chain

A

junctional diversity

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13
Q

the delta chain locus is located between

A

V, J of alpha chain locus

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14
Q

TCR has more ___________ than Ig in somatic recombination due to _____________

A

diversity

J segment

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15
Q

antigen processing

A

degrading of pathogen derived proteins into peptides

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16
Q

antigen presentation

A

binding of peptide by MHC and display at cell surface

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17
Q

MHC class I targets ____________ by binding ____________

A

intracellular pathogens

cytotoxic T cells

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18
Q

MHC class II targets ______________ by binding _______________

A

extracellular pathogens

helper T cells

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19
Q

professional APCs

A

they have the highest expression on MHC class I and II
can present the best to T cells

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20
Q

which types of cells are professional APCs

A

B cells
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells

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21
Q

class I MHC is on

A

almost every cell

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22
Q

2 effector functions of T cells

A

kills infected cells (CD8)
helps other cells (inc microbicidal activity of macrophages or B cell differentiation)

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23
Q

MHC II also known as the

A

vesicular system

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24
Q

MHC II is continuous with

A

the extracellular fluid

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25
Q

MHC I is in the

A

cytosol

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26
Q

MHC is ___________ because it can bind

A

promiscuous

many different peptides

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27
Q

Do MHC I and MHC II bind the same peptides?

A

NO!

they bind different types

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28
Q

immunoproteasome

A

modified subunits and cap proteins
makes peptides with hydrophobic or basic terminus

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29
Q

For MHC I, the __________ degrades cytoplasmic proteins into ___________ to present to _________ T cells

A

proteasome

peptides

CD8

30
Q

TAP

A

transporter associated with antigen processing

transports peptides into ER so it can bind MHC I

31
Q

bare lymphocyte syndrome

A

TAP nonfunctional, no peptides enter ER

very few MHC I on surface

32
Q

In MHC II, the ___________ pathogen peptide is generated in _________________

A

external

endocytic vesicle

33
Q

how does proteases to degrade pathogen proteins into peptides?

A

the phagosome fuses with lysosome

34
Q

Even without infection, MHC I and II are constantly presenting ___________ that should not be recognized by TCR

A

self peptides

35
Q

2 stages of antigen presentation

A

T cell is primed by dendritic cell

T cell performs effector function

36
Q

priming of T cell by dendritic cell occurs in

A

secondary lymphoid tissue

37
Q

T cell modification of other cells occurs at

A

site of infection, secondary lymphoid tissue, periphery

38
Q

CTL response (MHC I)

A

virus infects dendritic cell
priming of naive CTL -> effector
effector CTL migrates to infection site and kills

39
Q

Helper response: MO activation

A

dendritic cell phagocytoses pathogen
migrates to lymph node and activates naive helper T cell
effector T cell migrates to infection site and helps MO there

40
Q

Helper response: B cell activation

A

same steps as MO activation except effector T cell helps B cell in lymph

41
Q

Cross presentation

A

APC captures virus by extracellular pathway then prevents complex to CTL of intracellular pathway

intracellular pathogen degraded by extracellular response

42
Q

can pathogens prevent processing and presentation?

A

YES!

43
Q

MHC has

A

inherited diversity

44
Q

very different _______ molecules are usually expressed on APCs from ______________

A

MHC

different people

45
Q

2 sources of inherited diversity of MHC

A

different gene families
genetic polymorphism

46
Q

different gene families

A

each person has multiple genes for MHC Ia chain and HC II a and b chains

47
Q

isotopes are different

A

proteins in a gene family

48
Q

genetic polymorphisms

A

multiple forms of these genes in one person vs another

49
Q

allotypes

A

different proteins encoded by different alleles

50
Q

types of genetic polymorphisms

A

highly polymorphic
oligomorphic
monomorphic

51
Q

MHC Class I isotypes

A

HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C

52
Q

MHC class II isotypes

A

HLA-DP
HLA-DQ
HLA-DR

53
Q

polymorphism in MHC alleles is

A

uniquely large

54
Q

differences in MHC are usually in the

A

peptide binding groove

55
Q

there is ______ polymorphism in MHC allotypes

A

high

56
Q

in class II MHC, each alpha and beta chain are encoded by

A

separate genes

57
Q

in class I MHC, each alpha chain is encoded by

A

a separate gene (A,B,C)

58
Q

MHC alleles are

A

codominant

59
Q

specific allotropes expressed are determined by

A

polymorphisms a person has

60
Q

HLA haplotype

A

particular combination of HLA alleles found on chromosome 6 in a single human

61
Q

is it likely that 2 people will share the same HLA haplotype?

A

VERY UNLIKELY

62
Q

minimum HLA isoforms

A

in homozygote
3 class I, 3 class II

63
Q

maximum HLA isoforms

A

in heterozygotę
6 class I, 12 class II

64
Q

having multiple different HLA alleles

A

improves immune response

65
Q

amino acid differences in MHC occur

A

at sites that contact peptide or TCR

66
Q

MHC restriction

A

each T cell receptor recognizes a unique peptide:MHC combination

67
Q

the specificity of T cells is dictated by

A

the distinct MHC molecules

68
Q

heterozygotę advantage

A

covers more types of peptides to present

69
Q

alloreactive T cells

A

attack a transplanted organ

70
Q

alloreactive antibodies

A

produced by mother during pregnancy
react to HLA molecules in fetus specific to father
can also attack a transplanted organ

Immunology and Microbiology (22 decks)

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