Muscles of upper limb- Forearm myology Flashcards
Anterior (flexor): Pronator Teres (superficial) with two heads
O: Humeral head: medial epicondyle and common flexor tendon
Ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process
I: Mid-lateral surface of radius (pronator tuberosity)
N: Median nerve C6, 7
B: Ulna, radial and brachial artery
A: Pronates arm at radioulnar joint
Anterior (flexor): Flexor carpi radialis (superficial)
O: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Bases of second and third metacarpals
N: Median nerve C6, 7
B: Anterior/posterior recurrent ulnar artery, radial artery
A: Flexes and abducts (radial deviation) wrist joints. Flex elbow
Anterior (flexor): Palmaris longus (superficial)
O: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis of hand
N: Median nerve C(6), 7, 8
B: Anterior ulnar recurrent artery, median artery
A: Flexes hand at radiocarpal joint.
Anterior (flexor): Flexor carpis ulnaris (superficial) two heads
O: Humeral head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: medial border of olecranon and posterior border of upper two thirds of ulna
I: Pisiform bone. Hook of hamate. Base of fifth metacarpal
N: Ulnar nerve C7, 8, T1
B: Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
A: Flexes and adducts wrist.
Anterior (flexor): Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate) two heads
O: Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus. Adjacent border of coronoid process.
Radial head: proximal half of the anterior border of the shaft of radius
I: Palmar aspect of 2-5 phalanges
N: Median nerve C8, T1
B: Ulnar artery, radial artery, median artery
A: Flexes fingers 2-5 at the joint between middle and proximal phalanges
Anterior (flexor): Flexor digitorum profundus (deep)
O: medial aspect of coronoid process of ulna and medial surface of ulna
I: Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the phalanges 2-5
N: Digits 2-3: Median nerve;
Digits 4-5: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
B: Ulnar artery
A: Flexes distal interphalaneal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers. Bends finger between distal and middle joint
Anterior (flexor): Flexor pollicis longus (deep)
O: Anterior surface of shaft of radius. Radial half of interosseous membrane
I: Palmer surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
B: Anterior interorsseous and radial arteries
A: Flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb.
Anterior (Flexor): Pronator quadratus (deep)
O: Anterior surface of one quarter of ulna
I: Anterior aspect of distal one quarter of radius
N: Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve C7, 8
B: Anterior interosseous artery
A: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints. Helps hold radius and ulna together, reducing stress on inferior radioulnar joint
Posterior (Extensor): Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial)
O: Inferior one third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Dorsal surface of base of second metacarpal
N: Radial nerve C6, 7
B: Radial artery
A: Extends and abducts wrist
Posterior (extensor): Extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial)
O: Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum
I: Dorsal surface of base of second and third metacarpals
N: Radial nerve C7, 8
B: Radial artery
A: Extends and abducts hand at radio carpal joint
Posterior (extensor): Extensor digitorum (superficial)
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
I: Dorsal aspects of bases of middlle and distal phalanges 2-5 via 4 tendons
N: Posterior interosseous nerve C7, 8
B: Posterior interosseous artery and the radial recurrent artery.
A: Extends fingers 2-5
Posterior (extensor): Extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial)
O: Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
I: Base of medial side of 5th metacarpal on ulna
N: Posterior interosseous nerve C6, 7, 8
B: Ulnar artery
A: Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint
Posterior (extensor): Extensor indicis (deep)
O: Posterior surface of ulna (distal one third)
I: Extensor hood of index finger
N: Radial nerve C7, 8
B: Ulnar artery
A: Extends index finger
Posterior (extensor): Supinator (deep) 2 parts
O: Superficial part: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Deep part: Supinator crest of ulna
I: Lateral surface of radius superior to the anterior oblique line
N: Posterior interosseous nerve C5, C6 (7)
B: Radial and ulna arteries
A: Supinate the forearm
Posterior (extensor): Abductor pollicis longus (deep)
O: Posterior surfaces of ulna and radius.
I: Lateral side of base of first metacarpal
N: Radial nerve C7, 8
B: Interosseous branches of the ulnar artery
A: Abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb; accessory extensor of thumb
Posterior (extensor): Extensor pollicis longus (deep)
O: Posterior surface of ulna, distal to abductor pollicis longus.
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
N:Radial nerve C7, 8
B: Posterior interosseous artery, anterior interosseous artery
A: Extends interphalangeal joints of thumb
Posterior (extensor): Extensor pollicis brevis (deep)
O: Posterior surface of radius, distal to origin of abductor pollicis longus.
I: Base of dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: Posterior interosseous nerve C7, 8
B: Posterior interosseous artery
A: Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Elbow ligaments: Ulnar (medial) collateral joint ligament (made up of three parts)
Anterior band: Anterior aspect of medial epicondyle of humerus to medial margin of coronoid of ulna
Posterior band: Posterior aspect of medial epicondyle of humerus to medial margin of olecranon
Inferior band: Connects bases of other two bands. Extends between the coronoid process and olecranon of ulna
Anular ligament- function
Reinforces the joint by holding the radius and ulna together at their proximal articulation
Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle of humerus to and inserts and blends with annular ligament
Elbow joint capsule
Anteriorly: Blends with ulnar collateral ligament medially and radial collateral ligament laterally
Proximally on the humerus it Attaches on the margin of coronoid and radial fossa and onto anterior medial condyle
and Distally on Edge of coronoid process and onto annular ligament
Posteriorly: Margin of the olecranon fossa and posterior medial epicondyle and distally on superior and lateral olecranon. Laterally it covers the proximal radioulnar joint
