Muscles of the lower limb: Hip myology

Question 1

Anterior thigh: Rectus femoris (1 of the quadriceps)

Answer 1

O: anterior inferior iliac spine,
I: Tibial Tubersity (via patella tendon)
N: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
B: Femoral arteries
A: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint, extends knee

Question 2

Anterior thigh: Sartorius

Answer 2

O: Anterior iliac spine
I: Proximal end of tibia shaft below medial condyle
N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L3)
B: Branches of femoral artery, deep femoral artery, artery of quadriceps, lateral circumflex femoral artery
A: hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh abduction, thigh external rotation.
knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation

Question 3

Anterior thigh: Vastus lateralis

Answer 3

O: Linea aspera of femur, greater trochanter of femur
I: Lateral surface of patella + into tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
N: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
B: Lateral circumflex femoral artery
A: Knee joint: leg extension

Question 4

Anterior thigh: Vastus intermedius

Answer 4

O: Anterior surface of femoral shaft
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
N: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
B: deep femoral artery
A: knee joint: Knee extension

Question 5

Anterior thigh: Vastus medialus

Answer 5

O: Intertrochanteric line
I: Medial patella into tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
N: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
B: 3 muscular branches of the femoral artery, deep femoral and descending genicular arteries
A: knee joint: Knee extension

Question 6

Medial thigh: Adductor brevis

Answer 6

O: (anterior surface of) body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur
N: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
B: deep femoral artery, artery for the adductors
A: Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation, pelvis stabilization

Question 7

Medial thigh: Gracilis

Answer 7

O: a line on the external surfaces of the pubis
I: Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
N: Obturator nerve
B: deep femoral artery
A: Adducts thigh at hip joint. Flexes leg at knee, rotates knee

Question 8

Medial thigh: Pectineus

Answer 8

O: Pecteal line of pubis and adjacent bone of pelvis
I: Oblique line, fro, base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera of femur
N: Femoral nerve
B: obturator artery
A: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint

Question 9

Medial thigh: Adductor longus

Answer 9

O: Anterior surface of pubis, at junction of crest and symphysis
I: Middle third of linea aspera of femur
V: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
B: Profunda femoris artery, obturator artery
A: Adduct hip, flexion of hip, externally rotate thigh at hip joint

Question 10

Medial thigh: Adductor magnus

Answer 10

O: Adductor part: Inferior pubic ramus
Ischiocondylar part: Ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor pt: linea aspera, Ishiocondylar part: Adductor tubercle of femur
N: Adductor pt: Obturator nerve
Ishiocondylar pt: tibial division of sciatic nerve
B: Deep femoral artery
A: Adduction the hip

Question 11

Posterior thigh: Biceps femoris (long head)

Answer 11

O: Posterior aspect of ishcial tuberosity.
I: Lateral head of fibula, Lateral condyle
N: Sciatic nerve
B: Gluteal artery
A: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint

Question 12

Posterior thigh: Semitendinosus

Answer 12

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia
N: Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve
B: Femoral artery, popliteal artery, internal iliac artery
A: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint

Question 13

Posterior thigh: Biceps femoris (short head)

Answer 13

O: Linea aspera of femur
I: Fibular head, lateral condyle of tibia
N: Tibial and fibular nerves from sciatic nerve
B: Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery
A: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint

Question 14

Posterior thigh: Semimembranosus

Answer 14

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
N: Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve
B: Perforating branches of femoral and popliteal arteries
A: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint

Question 15

Iliopsoaus compartment: Iliacus

Answer 15

O: Iliac fossa and sacrum
I: Psoas major into lesser trochanter of femur
N: Femoral nerve
B: Iliolumbar artery
A: Flexion of the hip and with fixed insertion flexes trunk

Question 16

Iliopsocus compartment: Psoas major

Answer 16

O: Transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae T12-L4
I: Lesser trochnater of femur
N: Lumbar spinal nerves (L2-L3)
B: Lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
A: Psoad major and iliacus muscles acting together flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk

Question 17

Iliopsoas compartment: Psoas minor

Answer 17

O: Vertebral bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae
I: Iliopubic eminence, pecten pubis
N: Anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1
B: Lumbar arteries
A: Weak trunk flexion

Question 18

Gluteal compartment: Gluteus maximus

Answer 18

O: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity under greater trochanter of femur
N: Inferior gluteal nerve
B: Inferior gluteal and superior gluteal arteries
A: Extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh.

Question 19

Gluteal compartment: Tensor fascia latae

Answer 19

O: Iliac crest
I: Tibia by way of iliotibial tract (into IT band)
N: Superior gluteal nerve
B: Ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
A: Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates. Stabilises hip and knee joints

Question 20

Gluteal compartment: Gluteus medius

Answer 20

O:External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Oblique bridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter
N: Superior gluteal nerve
B: deep branch of superior gluteal artery
A: Abducts femur at hip joint and medially rotates thigh

Question 21

Gluteal compartment: Gluteal minimus

Answer 21

O: Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior of greater trochanter of femur
N: Superior gluteal nerve
B: Superior gluteal artery
A: Abducts thigh at hip and medially rotates thigh

Question 22

Gluteal compartment: Piriformis

Answer 22

O: Anterior sacrum
I: Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter
N: Branches from sacral nerves, S1,2
B: Branches from the internal iliac artery
A: Laterally rotates extended femur at hip joint, Abducts flexed femur at hip joint

Question 23

Gluteal compartment: Obturator internus

Answer 23

O: Inner surface of obturator foramen, pubis and ischium
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
N: Nerve to obturator internus
B: Branches of the obturator artery
A: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint

Question 24

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 24

Sartorius
Adductor longus
Inguinal ligament