Bones, joints, ligaments of ankle and foot Flashcards
What bones make up the ankle joint
Tibia, Fibula, Talus
What movements are available at the ankle?
Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion, Eversion, Inversion
What is the Distal tibiofibular joint?
A fibrous syndesmosis joint, where the tibia and fibula are joined by the interosseous ligament and interosseous membrane.
Which ligaments hold the distal tibio-fibular joint together?
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
What is the interosseous membrane?
tough, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the distance between the lateral aspect of tibia + medial aspect of the fibula shafts.
Why does the interosseous membrane contain openings?
to allow blood and nerve vessels to go in between the anterior and posterior compartments of the lower leg
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Synovial Hinge joint: it has synovial and fibrous membranes
Which ligaments hold together the ankle hinge joint?
Medial (deltoid) ligaments and Lateral ligaments
What bands of ligaments is the Medial (deltoid) ligaments made up of?
Tibiocalconeal ligament, Posterior + Anterior Tibiotalar ligament, Tibioavicular ligament, Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament.
What is the origin the medial (deltoid) ligaments? What are the insertions of the ligaments?
All medial ligaments originate from the medial malleolus. The 4 different ligaments attach to either the calcaneus, talus or navicular bones.
What bands of ligaments are the lateral ligaments made up of?
Anterior Talofibular ligament, Posterior Talofibular ligament and Calcaneofibular ligament
Where do the lateral ligaments originate from?
Originate from the lateral malleolus.
Neurovascular supply of the ankle joint
tibial artery and peroneal artery
Innervation of the ankle joint
L4-S2 tibial nerve and lateral branch of deep fibular nerve.
Which are the major joints at the intertarsal joints which movements occur at?
Subtalar, Talocalneoavicular, Calcaneocuboid
Innervation of the intertarsal joints
Dorsal aspect- deep fibular nerve and plantar aspect - medial and plantar nerves.
Where is the Subtalar Joint?
Inferior surface of the talus and superior surface of the calcaneous
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
Synovial plane joint
Which movements occur at the Subtalar joint?
Eversion and Inversion
Which ligaments are found at the Subtalar joint?
Lateral, medial, posterior, interosseous talocaneal ligaments
Where is the Talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Head of the talus articulating with the calcaneus and navicular
What type of joint is the Calcaneocuboid joint?
Synovial saddle joint
What are the articulations of the Calcaneocuboid joint?
Calcaneus and cuboid bone
What are the movements performed at the calcaneocuboid joint?
Sliding and rotation, Inversion and Eversion,
What is the articulation of the Tarsometatarsal joint?
Between metatarsals and adjacent tarsal bones
What movements can be produced at the Tarsometatarsal joint?
Sliding movements. Metatarsal of great toe and medial cuneiform allows flexion, extension and rotation.
TMT joints with transverse tarsal joint take part in pronation and supination of the foot.
What type of joint of the tarsometatarsal joint?
Synovial, plane joints
What are the articulations of Metatarsophalangeal joints?
Between the metatarsal bones and proximal phalanges.
Movements that are performed at the Metatarsophalangeal joints
Extension and flexion mainly
What type of joint is the Metatarsophalangeal joints?
Ellipsoid synovial hinger joint
Ligaments found at the Metatarsophalangeal joints
Joint capsule reinforced by medial and lateral collateral ligaments. And plantar ligaments
Articulations of the interphalangeal joints
Between consecutive phalanges of the foot
What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint?
Synovial hinge joint
Which movements are performed at the interphalangeal joints?
Flexion and Extension
Which ligaments reinforce the joint capsule of interphalangeal joints?
Medial and lateral collateral ligaments and plantar ligaments
Innervation of interphalangeal joints
Dorsal digital and proper plantar nerves (of medial and lateral plantar nerve)
Vascularity of interphalangeal joints
Digital branches of plantar arch
What do the flexor and extensor retinaculum do?
Keep tensons and vessels in place
Which ligaments and muscles support the arches of the foot?
Plantar calcanenavicular (spring) ligament
Plantarcalneocuboid (short plantar ligament)
Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
Long plantar ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis
