Bones, joints, ligaments of ankle and foot

Question 1

What bones make up the ankle joint

Answer 1

Tibia, Fibula, Talus

Question 2

What movements are available at the ankle?

Answer 2

Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion, Eversion, Inversion

Question 3

What is the Distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 3

A fibrous syndesmosis joint, where the tibia and fibula are joined by the interosseous ligament and interosseous membrane.

Question 4

Which ligaments hold the distal tibio-fibular joint together?

Answer 4

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Question 5

What is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 5

tough, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the distance between the lateral aspect of tibia + medial aspect of the fibula shafts.

Question 6

Why does the interosseous membrane contain openings?

Answer 6

to allow blood and nerve vessels to go in between the anterior and posterior compartments of the lower leg

Question 7

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 7

Synovial Hinge joint: it has synovial and fibrous membranes

Question 8

Which ligaments hold together the ankle hinge joint?

Answer 8

Medial (deltoid) ligaments and Lateral ligaments

Question 9

What bands of ligaments is the Medial (deltoid) ligaments made up of?

Answer 9

Tibiocalconeal ligament, Posterior + Anterior Tibiotalar ligament, Tibioavicular ligament, Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament.

Question 10

What is the origin the medial (deltoid) ligaments? What are the insertions of the ligaments?

Answer 10

All medial ligaments originate from the medial malleolus. The 4 different ligaments attach to either the calcaneus, talus or navicular bones.

Question 11

What bands of ligaments are the lateral ligaments made up of?

Answer 11

Anterior Talofibular ligament, Posterior Talofibular ligament and Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 12

Where do the lateral ligaments originate from?

Answer 12

Originate from the lateral malleolus.

Question 13

Neurovascular supply of the ankle joint

Answer 13

tibial artery and peroneal artery

Question 14

Innervation of the ankle joint

Answer 14

L4-S2 tibial nerve and lateral branch of deep fibular nerve.

Question 15

Which are the major joints at the intertarsal joints which movements occur at?

Answer 15

Subtalar, Talocalneoavicular, Calcaneocuboid

Question 16

Innervation of the intertarsal joints

Answer 16

Dorsal aspect- deep fibular nerve and plantar aspect - medial and plantar nerves.

Question 17

Where is the Subtalar Joint?

Answer 17

Inferior surface of the talus and superior surface of the calcaneous

Question 18

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 18

Synovial plane joint

Question 19

Which movements occur at the Subtalar joint?

Answer 19

Eversion and Inversion

Question 20

Which ligaments are found at the Subtalar joint?

Answer 20

Lateral, medial, posterior, interosseous talocaneal ligaments

Question 21

Where is the Talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 21

Head of the talus articulating with the calcaneus and navicular

Question 22

What type of joint is the Calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 22

Synovial saddle joint

Question 23

What are the articulations of the Calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 23

Calcaneus and cuboid bone

Question 24

What are the movements performed at the calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 24

Sliding and rotation, Inversion and Eversion,

Question 25

What is the articulation of the Tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 25

Between metatarsals and adjacent tarsal bones

Question 26

What movements can be produced at the Tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 26

Sliding movements. Metatarsal of great toe and medial cuneiform allows flexion, extension and rotation.
TMT joints with transverse tarsal joint take part in pronation and supination of the foot.

Question 27

What type of joint of the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 27

Synovial, plane joints

Question 28

What are the articulations of Metatarsophalangeal joints?

Answer 28

Between the metatarsal bones and proximal phalanges.

Question 29

Movements that are performed at the Metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 29

Extension and flexion mainly

Question 30

What type of joint is the Metatarsophalangeal joints?

Answer 30

Ellipsoid synovial hinger joint

Question 31

Ligaments found at the Metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 31

Joint capsule reinforced by medial and lateral collateral ligaments. And plantar ligaments

Question 32

Articulations of the interphalangeal joints

Answer 32

Between consecutive phalanges of the foot

Question 33

What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 33

Synovial hinge joint

Question 34

Which movements are performed at the interphalangeal joints?

Answer 34

Flexion and Extension

Question 35

Which ligaments reinforce the joint capsule of interphalangeal joints?

Answer 35

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments and plantar ligaments

Question 36

Innervation of interphalangeal joints

Answer 36

Dorsal digital and proper plantar nerves (of medial and lateral plantar nerve)

Question 37

Vascularity of interphalangeal joints

Answer 37

Digital branches of plantar arch

Question 38

What do the flexor and extensor retinaculum do?

Answer 38

Keep tensons and vessels in place

Question 39

Which ligaments and muscles support the arches of the foot?

Answer 39

Plantar calcanenavicular (spring) ligament
Plantarcalneocuboid (short plantar ligament)
Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
Long plantar ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis