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Anatomy > Muscle Tissue (Ch 10) > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue (Ch 10) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. skeletal
  2. cardiac
  3. smooth
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2
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

pulls on bones of skeleton

  • striated
  • voluntary
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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

pushes blood through the circulatory system

  • striated
  • involuntary
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4
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

pushes fluids/solids along the digestive tract and regulates the diameters of small arteries

  • not striated
  • involuntary
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5
Q

What are the properties of skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  • contractility: muscle cells can shorten
  • excitability: very responsive
  • extensibility: can increase in length
  • elasticity: able to return to original length
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6
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. produce movement
  2. maintain posture
  3. support
  4. generate heat
  5. storage and movement of materials
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7
Q

What does skeletal muscle contain?

A

skeletal muscle + CT + nerves + blood vessels

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8
Q

What are the subdivisons of skeletal muscle?

A

muscle –> fascicle –> muscle fiber

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9
Q

What are the connective tissue membranes?

A
  • epimysium
  • perimysium
  • endomysium
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10
Q

Epimysium

A
  • CT membrane

- surrounds entire “muscle,” separates muscle from surrounding tissues and organs

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11
Q

Perimysium

A
  • CT membrane

- surrounds each fascicle –> divides skeletal muscle into compartments

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12
Q

Endomysium

A
  • CT membrane

- surrounds muscle fibers within a fascicle

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13
Q

What are the muscle attachments?

A

tendons: muscle to bone
aponeurosis: flat sheets of tendons

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14
Q

Origin

A

proximal attachment to bone (fixed)

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15
Q

Insertion

A

distal attachment to bone (mobile)

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16
Q

What are the types of fascicle orientations?

A
  1. Circular
  2. Convergent
  3. Parallel
  4. Pennate
17
Q

Circular Fascicle Orientation

A
  • surround external body openings
  • sphincter
  • close when they contract
  • -> ex. orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi
18
Q

Convergent Fascicle Orientation

A
  • broad origin
  • narrow insertion
  • direction of pull can be changed because different groups of fibers can be activated
  • ->ex. pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, gluteus medius
19
Q

Parallel Fascicle Orientation

A
  • fascicles run parallel to long axis of muscle
  • tapered at both ends
  • strap
  • high endurance, not very strong
  • ->ex. sternocleidomastoid, brachioradialis, flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
20
Q

Pennate Fascicle Orientation

A
  • fascicles short
  • attach obliquely to tendon or raphe
  • uni-, bi-, multipennate
  • stronger than parallel muscle of same size
  • ->ex. rectus femoris (bi-), extensor digitorum longus (uni-), deltoid (multi)
21
Q

Muscle Compartments

A
  • dense, fibrous CT divides muscles into compartments
  • same compartment? = similar actions
  • different compartment? = opposite actions
  • usually muscles in same compartment are innervated by a single nerve
22
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A
  • damaged muscle swells –> surrounding fascia (inelastic) constricts
  • puts pressure on vessicles and nerves (=PAIN), also prevents blood from entering/draining
  • -> acute vs. chronic
23
Q

Acute Compartment Syndrome

A
  • from accident/injury

- can lead to tissue loss in muscle or limb due to loss of blood supply

24
Q

Chronic Compartment Syndrome

A

caused by overuse

–> rest until it heals

25
Q

How do we name muscles?

A
  1. Location (ex. biceps brachii)
  2. Shape (ex. deltoid = triangular)
  3. Relative Size (ex. gluteus maximus = largest)
  4. Direction of Fascicles/Fibers (ex. external oblique)
  5. Direction of Attachments (ex. coracobrachialis = corocoid process and brachium)
  6. Number of Origins/Heads (ex. biceps brachii = two heads)
  7. Action (ex. flexor digitorum longus)
26
Q

Myofibril

A
  • ->contractile portion of muscle fiber
  • there are 100s-1000s of myofibrils in each skeletal muscle fiber
  • along length of myofibril are sarcomeres (repeating segments)
27
Q

Sarcomere

A
  • ->basic functional unit of skeletal muscle
  • contraction = contraction of muscle
  • extends from Z disc to Z disc (A band)
  • up to 10,000 per myofibril
  • center = M line
  • made of thick (myosin) filaments and thin (actin) filaments
28
Q

Sliding Filament Mechanisms

A

thin (myosin) and thick (actin) filaments slide past each other

Anatomy (25 decks)

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