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Anatomy > Appendicular Musculature (Ch 12) > Flashcards

Appendicular Musculature (Ch 12) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles that move the scapula?

A
  1. Trapezius

2. Serrates Anterior

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2
Q

Trapezius

A

action:
- upper fibers elevate scapula
- middle fibers retract scapula
- lower fibers depress scapula
- all work together to rotate scapula

attachments: (O) C1-T12 vertebrae and (I) scapular spine/clavicle

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3
Q

Serrates Anterior

A

action: protracts and rotates scapula, holds scapula flat against body wall
attachments: (O) scapula and (I) ribs

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4
Q

What are the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Latissimus Dorsi
  3. Teres Major
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5
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

actions: adducts, flexes, and medically rotates arm
attachments: (O) sternum, clavicle, ribs and (I) humerus

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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

actions: adducts, extends, and medially rotates arm
attachments: (O) lower back and (I) humerus

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7
Q

Teres Major

A

actions: adduct, extend, and medially rotate arm (same as latissimus dorsi)
attachment: (O) scapula and (I) humerus

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8
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Rotator Cuff
    - Supraspinatus
    - Infraspinatus
    - Teres Minor
    - Subscapularis
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9
Q

Deltoid

A

actions: abducts, flexes/extends, rotates arm
attachments: (O) scapular spine, clavicle and (I) humerus

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10
Q

Rotator Cuff

A
  • -> made up of four muscles (SITS)
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
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11
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: initiates abduction of arm (first 15 degrees)

attachments: (O) supraspinatus fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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12
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: laterally rotates arm

attachments: (O) infraspinatus fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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13
Q

Teres Minor

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: laterally rotates arm

attachments: (I) infraspinatous fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: medially rotates arm

attachments: (O) subscapular fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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15
Q

Shoulder Injuries

A
  • common
  • repetitive use/trauma
  • -> usually supraspinatus muscle
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16
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior arm?

A
  • -> all are flexors of forearm/arm
    1. Coracobrachialis
    2. Brachialis
    3. Biceps Brachii
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17
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • anterior arm
    actions: flexes arm

attachments: (O) scapula and (I) humerus

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18
Q

Brachialis

A
  • anterior arm
    actions: flexes forearm

attachments: (O) humerus and (I) ulna

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19
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • anterior arm
    actions: flexes and supinates forearm

attachments: (O) scapula and (I) radial tuberosity

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20
Q

What is the muscle of the posterior arm?

A

Triceps Brachii

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21
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

–> has long, medial, and lateral heads
actions:
long head- extends forearm/arm
medial/lateral heads- extends forearm

attachments:
long head- (O) scapula and (I) ulna (olecranon)
medal/lateral heads- (O) humerus and (I) ulna (olecranon)

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22
Q

Brachioradialis

A
  • -> primarily located in the anterior compartment of forearm
    action: flexes forearm

attachments: (O) humerus and (I) radius

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23
Q

What are the forearm muscles?

A
  1. Flexor Muscles (anterior compartment)

2. Extensor Muscles (posterior compartment)

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24
Q

Forearm Flexor Muscles

A
  • -> in anterior compartment
    action: flex wrist/digits

attachments: (O) humerus medial epicondyle and forearm (I) wrist and digits

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25
Q

Forearm Extensor Muscles

A
  • ->in posterior compartment
    action: extend wrist/digits

attachments: (O) humerus lateral epicondyle and forearm (I) wrist and digits

26
Q

Tennis Elbow

A

a. k.a. Lateral Epicondyle
- extensor muscles of forearm attach to lateral epicondyle of humerus
- ->overuse/trauma

27
Q

What are the Intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A
  1. Thenar group
  2. Hypothenar group
  3. Interossei
28
Q

Thenar Group

A
  • intrinsic muscles of the hand
    actions: move thumb, opposes to digits

attachments: (O) wrist and (I) pollex

29
Q

Hypothenar Group

A
  • intrinsic muscles of the hand
    actions: move digit 5, opposes to thumb

attachments: (O) wrist and (I) 5th digit

30
Q

Interossei

A
  • intrinsic muscles of the hand
    actions: abducts/adducts digits

attachments: (O) metacarpals 2-5 and (I) phalanges 2-5

31
Q

What is the muscle that moves the hip?

32
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • ->made up of iliacus and psoas major
  • easy to see in abdomen, hard to locate in thigh
    action: flexes thigh and trunk (“bowing”)

attachments: (O) ilium and lumbar vertebrae (I) femur

33
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Gluteus Medius
  3. Gluteus Minimus
  4. Tensor Fascia Lata
  5. Iliotibial Band (CT/fasia)
34
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

actions: abduction, extension and lateral rotation of thigh
attachments: (O) ilium, sacrum and (I) femur

35
Q

Gluteus Medius/Minimus

A

actions: abducts thigh
attachments: (O) ilium and (I) femur

36
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  • muscle
    actions: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh; steadies IT band

attachments: (O) ilium and (I) iliotibial band

37
Q

Iliotibial Band

A
  • tight band of CT/fascia

actions: stabilizes thigh/trunk during walking/running

38
Q

What are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris group?

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus Intermedius
  4. Vastus Medialus
39
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  1. Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialus)
  2. Sartorius
40
Q

Rectus Femoris

A
  • muscle of anterior thigh (quadricep)
    action: flex thigh and extend leg

attachments: (O) ilium and (I) tibia via patella

41
Q

Vastus Lateralis/Intermedius/Medialus

A
  • muscle of anterior thigh (quadricep)
    action: extend leg

attachments: (O) femur and (I) tibia via patella

42
Q

Sartorius

A
  • muscle of anterior thigh
  • “tailors muscle”: crosses legs
    actions: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh and flexes leg

attachment: (O) pubis and (I) tibia

43
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hamstrings

  1. Biceps Femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
44
Q

Biceps Femoris

A
  • muscle of posterior thigh (hamstring)
    action: extension of thigh, flexion of leg

attachments: (O) ischium and femur (I) tibia

45
Q

Semitendinosus and Semimembranosis

A
  • muscle of posterior thigh (hamstring)
    action: extension of thigh, flexion of leg

attachments: (O) ischium and (I) tibia

46
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  1. Gracilus
  2. Adductor Magnus
  3. Adductor Longus
47
Q

Gracilis

A
  • medial compartment of the thigh
    actions: adducts thigh, medially rotates flexed leg

attachments: (O) pubis and (I) tibia

48
Q

Adductor Magnus/Adductor Longus

A
  • medial compartment of thigh
    actions: adduction of hip/thigh

attachments: (O) pubis and (I) femur

49
Q

What is the muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis Anterior

50
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A
  • muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg
    actions: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
  • ->prevents plantar flexion during walking

attachments: (O) tibia and (I) dorsum of foot

51
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Fibularis Longus

2. Fibularis Brevis

52
Q

Fibulas Longus/Fibularis Brevis

A
  • muscles of the lateral compartment of the thigh
    actions: evert and plantar flex food

attachments: (O) fibula and (I) sole of foot

53
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
  4. Flexor Digitorum Longus
54
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh
    actions: flexes leg, plantar flexion of food

attachments: (O) femur and (I) calcaneus

55
Q

Soleus

A
  • muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh
    actions: flexes leg, plantar flexion of foot (same as gastrocnemius)

attachments: (O) tibia and fibula (I) calcaneus

56
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A
  • muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh
    actions: plantar flexes hallux/foot

attachments: (O) tibia and fibula (I) hallux

57
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A
  • muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh
    actions: plantar flexes digits 2-5 and foot

attachments: (I) tibia and fibula (I) digits 2-5

58
Q

What are the joints of inversion/eversion?

A
  1. Subtalar Joint

2. Transverse Tarsal Joint

59
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

*joint of inversion/eversion

between talus and calcaneus

60
Q

Transverse Tarsal Joint

A

*joint of inversion/eversion
between talus and navicular bones medically
between calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally

Anatomy (25 decks)

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