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Appendicular Musculature (Ch 12) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles that move the scapula?

A
  1. Trapezius

2. Serrates Anterior

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2
Q

Trapezius

A

action:
- upper fibers elevate scapula
- middle fibers retract scapula
- lower fibers depress scapula
- all work together to rotate scapula

attachments: (O) C1-T12 vertebrae and (I) scapular spine/clavicle

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3
Q

Serrates Anterior

A

action: protracts and rotates scapula, holds scapula flat against body wall
attachments: (O) scapula and (I) ribs

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4
Q

What are the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Latissimus Dorsi
  3. Teres Major
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5
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

actions: adducts, flexes, and medically rotates arm
attachments: (O) sternum, clavicle, ribs and (I) humerus

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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

actions: adducts, extends, and medially rotates arm
attachments: (O) lower back and (I) humerus

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7
Q

Teres Major

A

actions: adduct, extend, and medially rotate arm (same as latissimus dorsi)
attachment: (O) scapula and (I) humerus

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8
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Rotator Cuff
    - Supraspinatus
    - Infraspinatus
    - Teres Minor
    - Subscapularis
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9
Q

Deltoid

A

actions: abducts, flexes/extends, rotates arm
attachments: (O) scapular spine, clavicle and (I) humerus

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10
Q

Rotator Cuff

A
  • -> made up of four muscles (SITS)
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
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11
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: initiates abduction of arm (first 15 degrees)

attachments: (O) supraspinatus fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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12
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: laterally rotates arm

attachments: (O) infraspinatus fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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13
Q

Teres Minor

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: laterally rotates arm

attachments: (I) infraspinatous fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • part of rotator cuff
    actions: medially rotates arm

attachments: (O) subscapular fossa of scapula and (I) humeral tuberosities

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15
Q

Shoulder Injuries

A
  • common
  • repetitive use/trauma
  • -> usually supraspinatus muscle
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16
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior arm?

A
  • -> all are flexors of forearm/arm
    1. Coracobrachialis
    2. Brachialis
    3. Biceps Brachii
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17
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • anterior arm
    actions: flexes arm

attachments: (O) scapula and (I) humerus

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18
Q

Brachialis

A
  • anterior arm
    actions: flexes forearm

attachments: (O) humerus and (I) ulna

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19
Q

Biceps Brachii

A
  • anterior arm
    actions: flexes and supinates forearm

attachments: (O) scapula and (I) radial tuberosity

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20
Q

What is the muscle of the posterior arm?

A

Triceps Brachii

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21
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

–> has long, medial, and lateral heads
actions:
long head- extends forearm/arm
medial/lateral heads- extends forearm

attachments:
long head- (O) scapula and (I) ulna (olecranon)
medal/lateral heads- (O) humerus and (I) ulna (olecranon)

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22
Q

Brachioradialis

A
  • -> primarily located in the anterior compartment of forearm
    action: flexes forearm

attachments: (O) humerus and (I) radius

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23
Q

What are the forearm muscles?

A
  1. Flexor Muscles (anterior compartment)

2. Extensor Muscles (posterior compartment)

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24
Q

Forearm Flexor Muscles

A
  • -> in anterior compartment
    action: flex wrist/digits

attachments: (O) humerus medial epicondyle and forearm (I) wrist and digits

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25
Forearm Extensor Muscles
- ->in posterior compartment action: extend wrist/digits attachments: (O) humerus lateral epicondyle and forearm (I) wrist and digits
26
Tennis Elbow
a. k.a. Lateral Epicondyle - extensor muscles of forearm attach to lateral epicondyle of humerus - ->overuse/trauma
27
What are the Intrinsic muscles of the hand?
1. Thenar group 2. Hypothenar group 3. Interossei
28
Thenar Group
* intrinsic muscles of the hand actions: move thumb, opposes to digits attachments: (O) wrist and (I) pollex
29
Hypothenar Group
* intrinsic muscles of the hand actions: move digit 5, opposes to thumb attachments: (O) wrist and (I) 5th digit
30
Interossei
* intrinsic muscles of the hand actions: abducts/adducts digits attachments: (O) metacarpals 2-5 and (I) phalanges 2-5
31
What is the muscle that moves the hip?
Iliopsoas
32
Iliopsoas
- ->made up of iliacus and psoas major - easy to see in abdomen, hard to locate in thigh action: flexes thigh and trunk ("bowing") attachments: (O) ilium and lumbar vertebrae (I) femur
33
What are the muscles of the gluteal region?
1. Gluteus Maximus 2. Gluteus Medius 3. Gluteus Minimus 4. Tensor Fascia Lata 5. Iliotibial Band (CT/fasia)
34
Gluteus Maximus
actions: abduction, extension and lateral rotation of thigh attachments: (O) ilium, sacrum and (I) femur
35
Gluteus Medius/Minimus
actions: abducts thigh attachments: (O) ilium and (I) femur
36
Tensor Fascia Lata
* muscle actions: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh; steadies IT band attachments: (O) ilium and (I) iliotibial band
37
Iliotibial Band
* tight band of CT/fascia | actions: stabilizes thigh/trunk during walking/running
38
What are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris group?
1. Rectus Femoris 2. Vastus Lateralis 3. Vastus Intermedius 4. Vastus Medialus
39
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
1. Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialus) 2. Sartorius
40
Rectus Femoris
* muscle of anterior thigh (quadricep) action: flex thigh and extend leg attachments: (O) ilium and (I) tibia via patella
41
Vastus Lateralis/Intermedius/Medialus
* muscle of anterior thigh (quadricep) action: extend leg attachments: (O) femur and (I) tibia via patella
42
Sartorius
* muscle of anterior thigh - "tailors muscle": crosses legs actions: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh and flexes leg attachment: (O) pubis and (I) tibia
43
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Hamstrings 1. Biceps Femoris 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranosus
44
Biceps Femoris
* muscle of posterior thigh (hamstring) action: extension of thigh, flexion of leg attachments: (O) ischium and femur (I) tibia
45
Semitendinosus and Semimembranosis
* muscle of posterior thigh (hamstring) action: extension of thigh, flexion of leg attachments: (O) ischium and (I) tibia
46
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
1. Gracilus 2. Adductor Magnus 3. Adductor Longus
47
Gracilis
* medial compartment of the thigh actions: adducts thigh, medially rotates flexed leg attachments: (O) pubis and (I) tibia
48
Adductor Magnus/Adductor Longus
* medial compartment of thigh actions: adduction of hip/thigh attachments: (O) pubis and (I) femur
49
What is the muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis Anterior
50
Tibialis Anterior
* muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg actions: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot - ->prevents plantar flexion during walking attachments: (O) tibia and (I) dorsum of foot
51
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
1. Fibularis Longus | 2. Fibularis Brevis
52
Fibulas Longus/Fibularis Brevis
* muscles of the lateral compartment of the thigh actions: evert and plantar flex food attachments: (O) fibula and (I) sole of foot
53
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus 3. Flexor Hallucis Longus 4. Flexor Digitorum Longus
54
Gastrocnemius
* muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh actions: flexes leg, plantar flexion of food attachments: (O) femur and (I) calcaneus
55
Soleus
* muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh actions: flexes leg, plantar flexion of foot (same as gastrocnemius) attachments: (O) tibia and fibula (I) calcaneus
56
Flexor Hallucis Longus
* muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh actions: plantar flexes hallux/foot attachments: (O) tibia and fibula (I) hallux
57
Flexor Digitorum Longus
* muscle of the posterior compartment of the thigh actions: plantar flexes digits 2-5 and foot attachments: (I) tibia and fibula (I) digits 2-5
58
What are the joints of inversion/eversion?
1. Subtalar Joint | 2. Transverse Tarsal Joint
59
Subtalar Joint
*joint of inversion/eversion | between talus and calcaneus
60
Transverse Tarsal Joint
*joint of inversion/eversion between talus and navicular bones medically between calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally

Anatomy (25 decks)

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