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Anatomy > Articulations (Ch 9) > Flashcards

Articulations (Ch 9) Flashcards

1
Q

What’s another name for joints?

A

articulations

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2
Q

What are the functions of joints?

A

support and movement

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3
Q

Joints

A
  • bones articulate (come in contact) at joints
  • skeletal muscles cross over joints in order to achieve movement
  • more mobile = less stable
  • classified by function or structure
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4
Q

Functional classification of joints

A

relates to amount of movement allowed at the joint

  1. Synarthrosis
  2. Amphiarthrosis
  3. Diarthrosis
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5
Q

Synarthrosis

A
  • functional classification

- immovable joint (ex. skull sutures, epiphyseal plates)

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6
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A
  • functional classification

- slightly movable joint (ex. pubic symphysis)

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7
Q

Diarthrosis

A
  • functional classification

- freely movable (ex. joints in limbs)

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8
Q

Structural classification of joints

A

based on CT that binds bonds together (fibers/cartilage) and presence or absence of joint cavity

  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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9
Q

Fibrous

A
  • structural classification of joints

- connected by fibrous CT (ex. skull sutures)

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10
Q

Cartilaginous

A
  • structural classification of joints

- connected by cartilage tissue (ex. pubic symphysis)

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11
Q

Synovial

A
  • structural classification of joints
  • connected by a fluid-filled joint cavity within a capsule (ex. most joints like shoulder/elbow/knee)
  • most movable (diarthrosis)
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12
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  1. Synchondroses

2. Symphyses

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13
Q

Synchondroses

A

type of cartilaginous joint where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage (ex. costochondrial joints, epiphyseal plates)

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14
Q

Symphyses

A

type of cartilaginous joint where there is fibrocartilage between articulating joints (ex. intervertebral joints, public symphysis)

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15
Q

What are the parts of typical synovial joints?

A
  1. Articular (fibrous) capsule
  2. Joint (articular) cavity
  3. Synovial fluid
  4. Articular (hyaline) cartilage
  5. Ligaments
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16
Q

Articular (fibrous) capsule

A
  • synovial joint

- two parts: outer fibrous layer continuous with periosteum and inner synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

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17
Q

Joint (articular) cavity

A
  • synovial joint

- space filled with synovial fluid

18
Q

Synovial fluid

A
  • synovial joint

- liquid in joint cavity/cartilages that provides lubrication

19
Q

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

A
  • synovial joint

- absorbs forces on the joint and protects the bone

20
Q

Ligaments

A
  • synovial joint
  • connects bone to bone, strengthens joints (can be internal or external to articular capsule
  • have blood supply/are innervated
21
Q

Bursae

A

*synovial joint

saclike structure with synovial fluid

22
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

*synovial joint

wrap around tendons to reduce friction where bones/ligaments/tendons rub

23
Q

Knee Joint

A
  • largest/most complex joint
  • acts as hinge (may rotate slightly)
  • 2 condyloid joints (lateral/medial)
  • both femur and tibia have two condylar surfaces
  • strong ligaments to help knee from moving wrong way (LCL, MCL, ACL, PCL)
  • 12 bursa to reduce friction
  • menisci made of fibrocartilage (aka articular discs) help even out weight distribution/stabilize joint
  • ->prevent side to side rocking o femur on tibia
24
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee?

A
  1. Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament (LCL)
  2. Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  3. Anterial Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
  4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
25
Q

The unhappy triad

A

when knee is hit while foot is planted

–> tears multiple ligaments and menesci

26
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

TMJ

  • divided by articular disc (meniscus) into superior and inferior compartments
  • superior: gliding
  • inferior: hinge
  • saggital section through joint –> movement back and forth (opening/closing mouth)
  • lateral excursion (side to side)
27
Q

The Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • ball and socket
  • highly mobile = not stable
  • glenoid cavity is not deep
  • dislocates easily
28
Q

The Hip Joint

A
  • ball and socket
  • less mobility = more stable
  • deep acetabulum for herd of femur
  • ligamentum teres extend from acetabulum –> fovea captius (on head of femur) which may add stability
29
Q

The Elbow Joint

A
  • hinge joint (humerus/ulna)

- -> annular ligament forms pivot at proximal radioulnar join

30
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

autoimmune disease

  • symptoms: pain, stiffness, weakness
  • begins with inflammation of synovial membrane (joint swells)
  • chronic inflammation of joint capsule deteriorates CT around joint
31
Q

Arthritis in Knee

A
  • most common is osteoarthritis –> affects articular cartilages
  • “wear and tear” = stiffening, pain, swelling
  • extreme solution is complete replacement of knee
32
Q

hinge

A

allows flexion/extension (ex. elbow)

33
Q

pivot

A

allows rotation (ex. proximal radioulnar)

34
Q

ball and socket

A

very flexible, allows flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and rotation (ex. hip)

35
Q

gliding

A

Two opposing articular surfaces slide past each other in almost any direction; the amount of movement is slight (ex. wrist)

36
Q

abduction

A

movement of bone away from midline

37
Q

protraction

A

Anterior movement of a body part from anatomic position

38
Q

retraction

A

Posterior movement of a body part from anatomic position

39
Q

adduction

A

movement of bone towards midline

40
Q

oppostion

A

moving dumb to touch tips of other fingers

Anatomy (25 decks)

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