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Anatomy > Integumentary System (Ch 5) > Flashcards

Integumentary System (Ch 5) Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A
  • largest organ in body (different tissues working together)

- 7% of body weight

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • protection against mechanical damage
  • barrier to fluid loss/pathogens
  • Vit D production
  • sensory reception
  • body temp regulation
  • excretion of salts/wastes
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3
Q

Epidermis

A
  • ->keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • four cell types
  • avascular
  • regenerates often
  • 4/5 cell layers (thin vs. thick)
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4
Q

What are the four cell types of the epidermis?

A
  1. keratinocytes: product keratin, most abundant
  2. melanocytes: produce melanin –> helps shield nuclei of keratinocytes from UV radiation)
  3. merkel cells: sensation
  4. dendritic cells: immune cells
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5
Q

What is the structure of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum Corneum (sup)
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale (inf)
    - -> “Come Let’s Get Sun Burnt”
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6
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

*layer of epidermis (most superior)

dead cells full of keratin, shed regularly

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7
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

*layer of epidermis (2nd layer)

“clear” layer, only in THICK skin, consists of a few rows of flat/dead keratinocytes

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8
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

*layer of epidermis (3rd layer)

1-5 layers of cells, granules in this layer help waterproof skin

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9
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

*layer of epidermis (4th layer)

multiple cells layers of keratinocytes, only layer with DENDRITIC cells

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10
Q

Stratum Basale

A

*layer of epidermis (most inferior)

attached to dermis, mostly keratinocytes with rapid division, melanocytes/merkel cells

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11
Q

Dermis

A
  • underlies epidermis
  • strong/flexible CT
  • highly vascularized
  • innervated (= sensation)
  • 2 cell layers: papillary and reticular
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12
Q

Papillary Layer

A
  • layer of dermis
  • 20% of dermis
  • areolar CT
  • provides nutrients to epidermis
  • dermal papillae increase SA for transport of materials into epidermis
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13
Q

Reticular Layer

A
  • layer of dermis
  • mostly dense irregular
  • network of collagen + elastic fibers provide stretch/strength
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14
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • supports skin (dermis/epidermis)

- areolar + adipose loose CT (mostly adipose)

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15
Q

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

A
  • stores fat
  • provides insulation
  • anchors skin to muscles
  • allows movement of skin over muscle and bones
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16
Q

Fingerprints

A
  • increase friction for grasping
  • have dermal papillae which push up/elevate the overlying epidermis
  • patterns are unique
17
Q

Hair

A
  • flexible strands made of KERATIN

- pigment comes from MELANOCYTES

18
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A
  • sensation (light touch)
  • protection (ex. eyelashes)
  • insulation
19
Q

Structure of Hair

A
  1. Basic
    - shaft (exposed)
    - root (embedded into dermis/epidermis)
  2. Hair Follicle
    - bulb (innervated)
    - papilla (blood supply)
  3. Arrestor Pili muscle
    - -> contraction raises hair/causes goosebumps
20
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands

A
  • -> secreted onto skin surface
  • allows for evaporative cooling
  • development: invaginate from skin surface
  • product: 99% water, 1% salts/wastes
  • acidic/antibacterial properties
21
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

A
  • -> discharge into hair follicles
  • development: outgrowths from hair follicles
  • product: complex molecules, odorous
  • found in armpits/genitals
22
Q

Ceremonious Glands

A

line external ear canal, produce earwax

23
Q

Mammary Glands

A

secrete milk

24
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

multicellular exocrine glands (secrete onto hair follicles)

  • secrete sebum (oil) –> holocrine secretion (cells accumulate sebum then burst to release)
  • moisturizes hair/skin
  • blocked hair follicle = acne
25
Q

Melanin

A
  • acts as natural sunblock against UV radiation
  • determines skin tone
  • # of melanocytes among individuals does not vary, but activity level does (ex. pale = less active)
26
Q

Why is some exposure to sunlight necessary?

A

production of Vit D –> calcium absorption

27
Q

What are the dangers of too much exposure to sunlight?

A

reduction in folate levels needed for embryonic development

-promotes skin cancer

28
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • most common form of skin cancer
  • originates from stratum basale (a.k.a. stratum germinativum)
  • metastasis is rare
29
Q

Melanoma

A
  • potentially life threatening

- cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and spread throughout lymphatic system

30
Q

How to detect skin cancer

A 
A: asymmetry- irregular shape
B: border- indistinct
C: color- mottled
D: diameter- >5mm is dangerous
E: elevation- not flat

Anatomy (25 decks)

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