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Anatomy > Digestive System (Ch 26) > Flashcards

Digestive System (Ch 26) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

to take in food, break it down, absorb nutrients, and eliminate wastes

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2
Q

What are the two components of the digestive system?

A
  1. Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)

2. Accessory Organs

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3
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • ->lining of the abdominopelvic cavity
    1. parietal peritoneum: lines body walls
    2. visceral peritoneum: lines organs
    3. peritoneal cavity: between parietal and visceral, filled with fluid –> prevents friction
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4
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

inside peritoneal cavity, highly mobile (ex. stomach, liver, ileum, jejunum, tranverse/sigmoid colon)

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5
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

behind peritoneal cavity, adhered to back wall of abdominopelvic wall (ex. pancreas, duodenum, ascending/descending colon, rectum)

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6
Q

What are the six digestive processes?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Mechanical Digestion
  3. Propulsion
  4. Chemical Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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7
Q

Celiac Trunk

A 
branch of abdominal aorta, inferior to diagram (along w/superior and inferior mesenteric arteries)
Three branches off trunk:
1. Splenic Artery
2. Common Hepatic Artery
3. Gastric Artery
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8
Q

Splenic Artery

A

supplies blood to spleen

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9
Q

Common Hepatic Artery

A

supplies blood to the liver

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10
Q

Gastric Artery

A

supplies blood to the stomach

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11
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

supplies small intestine + proximal colon

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12
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

supplies distal colon

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13
Q

Renal Arteries

A

supplies kidneys

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14
Q

Gonadal Arteries

A

testicular/ovarian arteries

-branch off high on abdominal aorta and travel inferior to gonads

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15
Q

Hepatic Portal System

A

series of vessels that drain the GI tract and shunts blood to liver for absorption/processing

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16
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

A

drains into splenic vein

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17
Q

Superior Mesenteric Vein

A

connects with splenic vein to form Hepatic Portal Vein

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18
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A

carries blood TO the liver for detox/nutrient processing

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19
Q

Hepatic Veins

A

how blood EXITS the liver

-feeds into the inferior vena cava

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20
Q

Accessory Organs

A 
Teeth
Palates
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
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21
Q

Teeth

A

–> mechanical digestion (chew food)
*2123
2-incisors
1-canine
2-premolars
3-molars

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22
Q

crown of tooth

A

exposed part

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23
Q

root of tooth

A

part in socket

24
Q

enamel of tooth

A
  • hardest substance in body

- on outside of tooth

25
dentin of tooth
underneath enamel
26
Pulp cavity of tooth
filled with loose CT (pulp) contains vessels and nerves part of the pulp cavity in root is root canal.
27
apical foramen of tooth
opening at tip
28
cementum of tooth
External surface to help hold tooth in place
29
Periodontal ligament of tooth
anchors tooth in jaw socket
30
gingiva
gum
31
salivary glands
secrete enzymes to begin chemical digestion 1. parotid: near ear 2. submandibular: under mandible 3. sublingual: under tongue
32
Tongue
extrinsic muscle intrinsic muscle papillae (fungiform, lingum tonsil)
33
extrinsic muscle of tongue
attach tongue to skull
34
intrinsic muscle of tongue
change shape of tongue to help form bolus
35
papillae
bumps on tongue (not tastebuds) - filliform: help manipulate food - lingual tonsil: help prevent infection
36
Liver
- 2nd largest organ in body - digestive function --> produce bile to emulsify fats * processes/converts nutrients * collects/stores glucose * detoxifies many poisons/drugs * makes blood proteins (globulins)
37
Gallbladder
concentrates/stores bile secreted by liver | empties duodenum by way of common bile duct
38
Pancreas | *both an exocrine/endocrine gland
- exocrine ducts empty into duodenum - releases enzymes for protein digestion - releases sodium bicarbonate to neutralize chyme - secretes hormones
39
Hard/Soft Palate
hard: roof of oral cavity, formed from fusion of ventral skull bones soft: fleshy part of palate composed to muscle + uvula hangs down
40
Organs of the GI Tract (alimentary canal)
1. Pharynx 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Intestines 5. Anus
41
Pharynx
- swallowing --> voluntary | - pushes bolus from mouth to esophagus
42
Esophagus
transports bolus from pharynx to stomach
43
Stomach
- widest part of GI tract - lined with simple columnar epithelium - NOT essential for digestion, mostly for storage - output is chyme to small intestine
44
What happens in the intestines?
* **digestion/absorption - fatty acids/fat soluble vitamins diffuse into lipids via lymphatic capillary - organic materials absorbed directly into bloodstream
45
Small Intestine
3 regions: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
46
What does the duodenum receive?
chyme (from stomach) digestive enzymes (from pancreas) bile (from liver)
47
What is the ileocecal valve?
between ileum and cecum
48
Large Intestine
Primarily for absorption --> water and electrolytes - appendix: immune function, holds good bacteria - rectum: holds feces - anal canal: last subdivision
49
What are the two sphincters of the anus?
internal anal sphincter: smooth muscle, involuntary --> expels feces external anal sphincter: skeletal muscle, voluntary --> controls defecation
50
Haustra
bunched up pouches of intestine
51
Teniae Coli
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on superficial colon/cecum
52
fundus
dome-shaped region lateral and superior to the esophageal connection with the stomach
53
pyloric sphincter
thick ring of circular smooth muscle that regulates the entrance of chyme into the small intestine
54
cardiac region
small, narrow, superior entryway into the stomach lumen from the esophagus
55
rungae
rings that allow the stomach to expand greatly when it fills and then return to its normal size
56
greater curvature
outside curve of stomach
57
lesser curvature
inner curve of stomach

Anatomy (25 decks)

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