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anatomy > Digestive System (Ch 26) > Flashcards

Digestive System (Ch 26) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

to take in food, break it down, absorb nutrients, and eliminate wastes

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2
Q

What are the two components of the digestive system?

A
  1. Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)

2. Accessory Organs

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3
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • ->lining of the abdominopelvic cavity
    1. parietal peritoneum: lines body walls
    2. visceral peritoneum: lines organs
    3. peritoneal cavity: between parietal and visceral, filled with fluid –> prevents friction
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4
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

inside peritoneal cavity, highly mobile (ex. stomach, liver, ileum, jejunum, tranverse/sigmoid colon)

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5
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

behind peritoneal cavity, adhered to back wall of abdominopelvic wall (ex. pancreas, duodenum, ascending/descending colon, rectum)

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6
Q

What are the six digestive processes?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Mechanical Digestion
  3. Propulsion
  4. Chemical Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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7
Q

Celiac Trunk

A 
branch of abdominal aorta, inferior to diagram (along w/superior and inferior mesenteric arteries)
Three branches off trunk:
1. Splenic Artery
2. Common Hepatic Artery
3. Gastric Artery
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8
Q

Splenic Artery

A

supplies blood to spleen

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9
Q

Common Hepatic Artery

A

supplies blood to the liver

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10
Q

Gastric Artery

A

supplies blood to the stomach

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11
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

supplies small intestine + proximal colon

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12
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

supplies distal colon

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13
Q

Renal Arteries

A

supplies kidneys

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14
Q

Gonadal Arteries

A

testicular/ovarian arteries

-branch off high on abdominal aorta and travel inferior to gonads

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15
Q

Hepatic Portal System

A

series of vessels that drain the GI tract and shunts blood to liver for absorption/processing

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16
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

A

drains into splenic vein

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17
Q

Superior Mesenteric Vein

A

connects with splenic vein to form Hepatic Portal Vein

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18
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A

carries blood TO the liver for detox/nutrient processing

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19
Q

Hepatic Veins

A

how blood EXITS the liver

-feeds into the inferior vena cava

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20
Q

Accessory Organs

A 
Teeth
Palates
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
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21
Q

Teeth

A

–> mechanical digestion (chew food)
*2123
2-incisors
1-canine
2-premolars
3-molars

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22
Q

crown of tooth

A

exposed part

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23
Q

root of tooth

A

part in socket

24
Q

enamel of tooth

A
  • hardest substance in body

- on outside of tooth

25
Q

dentin of tooth

A

underneath enamel

26
Q

Pulp cavity of tooth

A

filled with loose CT (pulp)
contains vessels and nerves
part of the pulp cavity in root is root canal.

27
Q

apical foramen of tooth

A

opening at tip

28
Q

cementum of tooth

A

External surface to help hold tooth in place

29
Q

Periodontal ligament of tooth

A

anchors tooth in jaw socket

30
Q

gingiva

A

gum

31
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete enzymes to begin chemical digestion

  1. parotid: near ear
  2. submandibular: under mandible
  3. sublingual: under tongue
32
Q

Tongue

A

extrinsic muscle
intrinsic muscle
papillae (fungiform, lingum tonsil)

33
Q

extrinsic muscle of tongue

A

attach tongue to skull

34
Q

intrinsic muscle of tongue

A

change shape of tongue to help form bolus

35
Q

papillae

A

bumps on tongue (not tastebuds)

  • filliform: help manipulate food
  • lingual tonsil: help prevent infection
36
Q

Liver

A
  • 2nd largest organ in body
  • digestive function –> produce bile to emulsify fats
  • processes/converts nutrients
  • collects/stores glucose
  • detoxifies many poisons/drugs
  • makes blood proteins (globulins)
37
Q

Gallbladder

A

concentrates/stores bile secreted by liver

empties duodenum by way of common bile duct

38
Q

Pancreas

*both an exocrine/endocrine gland

A
  • exocrine ducts empty into duodenum
  • releases enzymes for protein digestion
  • releases sodium bicarbonate to neutralize chyme
  • secretes hormones
39
Q

Hard/Soft Palate

A

hard: roof of oral cavity, formed from fusion of ventral skull bones
soft: fleshy part of palate composed to muscle + uvula hangs down

40
Q

Organs of the GI Tract (alimentary canal)

A
  1. Pharynx
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Intestines
  5. Anus
41
Q

Pharynx

A
  • swallowing –> voluntary

- pushes bolus from mouth to esophagus

42
Q

Esophagus

A

transports bolus from pharynx to stomach

43
Q

Stomach

A
  • widest part of GI tract
  • lined with simple columnar epithelium
  • NOT essential for digestion, mostly for storage
  • output is chyme to small intestine
44
Q

What happens in the intestines?

A
  • **digestion/absorption
  • fatty acids/fat soluble vitamins diffuse into lipids via lymphatic capillary
  • organic materials absorbed directly into bloodstream
45
Q

Small Intestine

A

3 regions: duodenum, jejunum, ileum

46
Q

What does the duodenum receive?

A

chyme (from stomach)
digestive enzymes (from pancreas)
bile (from liver)

47
Q

What is the ileocecal valve?

A

between ileum and cecum

48
Q

Large Intestine

A

Primarily for absorption –> water and electrolytes

  • appendix: immune function, holds good bacteria
  • rectum: holds feces
  • anal canal: last subdivision
49
Q

What are the two sphincters of the anus?

A

internal anal sphincter: smooth muscle, involuntary –> expels feces
external anal sphincter: skeletal muscle, voluntary –> controls defecation

50
Q

Haustra

A

bunched up pouches of intestine

51
Q

Teniae Coli

A

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on superficial colon/cecum

52
Q

fundus

A

dome-shaped region lateral and superior to the esophageal connection with the stomach

53
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

thick ring of circular smooth muscle that regulates the entrance of chyme into the small intestine

54
Q

cardiac region

A

small, narrow, superior entryway into the stomach lumen from the esophagus

55
Q

rungae

A

rings that allow the stomach to expand greatly when it fills and then return to its normal size

56
Q

greater curvature

A

outside curve of stomach

57
Q

lesser curvature

A

inner curve of stomach

anatomy (25 decks)

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