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Anatomy > Anatomy Basics (Ch 1) > Flashcards

Anatomy Basics (Ch 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of medical imaging?

A
  1. Radiography (x-ray)
  2. Sonography (ultrasound)
  3. Computed Tomography (CT scan)
  4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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2
Q

Radiography

A

a. k.a. X-Ray
- usually used to identify fractures
- more dense bone = more white
ex. mammograms, chest exams

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3
Q

Sonography

A

a. k.a. Ultrasound
- portable/radiation-free
- high frequency waves reflected off organs
- used to visualize developing embryos/fetuses
- con: low res

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4
Q

Computed Tomography

A

a. k.a. CT scan
- good res, low intensity radiation
- used to visualize hard/soft tissue, bony defects, tumors, aneurysms, hemorrahages
- white = bone, gray = soft tissue, black = air
- cons: slow, uses radiation

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5
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

a. k.a. MRI
- no radiation, high res
- visualizes soft tissues best
- can see tumors
- cons: $$$, slow, large magnet
- white = scalp, gray = soft tissue, black = bone

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6
Q

posterial

A

(or dorsal)

back

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7
Q

anterior

A

(or ventral)

front

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8
Q

superior

A

(or cranial)

up

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9
Q

inferior

A

(or caudal)

down

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10
Q

medial

A

toward midline

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11
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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12
Q

proximal

A

closer to trunk

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13
Q

distal

A

further from trunk

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14
Q

superficial

A

more external

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15
Q

deep

A

more internal

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16
Q

saggital plane

A

(median)

divides body into left/right vertically

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17
Q

parasaggital plane

A

divides body into left/right but NOT at midline

*used in x-rays

18
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

divides body into anterior/posterior

*used in ultrasounds

19
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A

divides body into superior/inferior

*used for CT scans/MRI

20
Q

oblique plane

A

passes through body at an angle

21
Q

Axial Region of the Body

A

Includes:

  • head, neck, trunk
  • body cavities: cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
22
Q

Appendicular Region of the Body

A

Includes:

  • Upper limb regions: manus (hand) (including the fingers, pollex (thumb), palmer/dorsal surface), brachial (arm), carpal (wrist), antebrachial (forearm)
  • Lower limb regions: femoral (thigh), pes (foot) (including the plantar/dorsal surfaces, hallux (big toe)), crural (leg)
23
Q

manus

A

hand

24
Q

pollex

A

thumb

25
Q

pes

A

foot

26
Q

hallux

A

big toe

27
Q

crural

A

leg

28
Q

Levels of Body Organization

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ System
  6. Organismal
29
Q

What are the 11 organ systems?

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
  5. Endocrine
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Lymphatic (Immune)
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive
30
Q

Integumentary System

A
  • protects against outside environment
  • maintains internal water balance
  • -> skin, hair, nails
31
Q

Skeletal System

A
  • supports body
  • stores minerals
  • -> bones
32
Q

Muscular System

A
  • facilitates movement
  • pumps blood
  • moves materials through digestive tract
  • controls entrances/exits
  • generates heat
  • -> smooth/cardiac muscle
33
Q

Nervous System

A
  • transmits signals

- -> brain, spinal cord, nerves

34
Q

Endocrine system

A
  • produces hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction
  • -> glands
35
Q

Cardiovascular System

A
  • carries nutrients and oxygen
  • removes wastes
  • -> heart, blood vessels
36
Q

Lymphatic (Immune) System

A
  • guards against infection –> immune response

- -> lymph vesses, bone marrow, spleen

37
Q

Respiratory System

A
  • brings in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

- -> lungs

38
Q

Digestive System

A
  • food intake/nutritional absorption
  • elimination of wastes
  • -> oral cavity, liver, gall bladder, stomach
39
Q

Urinary System

A
  • filters blood/removes wastes

- -> kidneys, bladder

40
Q

Reproductive System

A
  • reproduction

- -> ovaries, testes, uterus

Anatomy (25 decks)

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