Endocrine System (Ch 20)

Question 1

Exocrine Glands vs. Endocrine Glands

Answer 1

exocrine: secreted onto epithelial surfaces via ducts (ex. sweat gland)
endocrine: produce hormones that are secreted into the bloodstream (NO ducts)

Question 2

Endocrine System functions

Answer 2

• maintain homeostasis
• uses hormones as chemical messengers via bloodstream –> cause changes in metabolic activity in target cells
• effects last minutes to weeks (even when stimulus is removed)

Question 3

Pitutary/Hypothalamus Glands

Answer 3

closely related

-Hypothalamus controls the secretion of the pituitary gland

Question 4

Pituitary Gland

Answer 4

"master gland"
Anterior lobe (6 hormones) and posterior lobe (2 hormones)

Question 5

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

Answer 5

F- FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
L- LH (luteinizing hormone)
A- ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
T- TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
P- PRL (prolactin)
I- IGNORED --> MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
G- GH (growth hormone)

Question 6

Thyroid Gland

Answer 6

ancient structure- appears in early development

• butterfly shaped on anterior neck around trachea
• two lateral lobes
• two hormones
  1. thyroid hormone: for metabolism
  2. calcitonin: for maintaining calcium levels

Question 7

Cretinism

Answer 7

thyroid hormone is essential to normal growth/development

–> low levels effect nervous tissue = developmental delays

Question 8

Graves Disease

Answer 8

-too much TH = anxiety, fat deposits behind eyes, heat intolerance, fatigue

Question 9

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 9

within thyroid, distinct

-product parathyroid hormone = regulates calcium levels

Question 10

Adrenal Glands

Answer 10

located on superior surface of kidneys

• adrenal cortex: surrounds medulla
• adrenal tissue: helps cope with extreme stress

Question 11

Pineal Gland

Answer 11

located in brain

-cells synthesize melatonin

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

endocrine portion: creates glucagon and insulin

Question 13

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 13

Type I (insulin dependent): insulin secreting cells in pancreas are destroyed immune response, juvenile onset
Type II (insulin resistent): receptor cells have reduced sensitivity to insulin, sugar not absorbed by cells/stays in bloodstream (due to diet/obesity)

Question 14

Secondary Endocrine Glands

Answer 14

heart, thymus, kidney, ovaries, testes, GI tract