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Anatomy > Heart (Ch 22) > Flashcards

Heart (Ch 22) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. Transport system of the body (oxygen, nutrients, waste, carbon dioxide, hormones)
  2. Distributes heat- maintains body temp
  3. Keeps pH/osmotic balance
  4. Prevents blood loss, wound healing, defends against disease
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2
Q

Where is the heart?

A

in the mediastinum (w/trachea and esophagus) between thorax and lungs

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3
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

a serous fluid-filled sac surrounding the heart

  • anchors, lubricates, and prevents heart from overfilling
  • three layers
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4
Q

What are the three layers of the cardiac wall?

A
  1. epicardium: outer visceral layer of pericardium, CT
  2. myocardium: cardiac muscle layer, contracts heart wall
  3. endocardium: inner lining of heart, simple squamous epithelium + thin CT
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5
Q

What is the function of the right atrium?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from heart

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6
Q

What is the function of the left atrium?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the body

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7
Q

What is the function of the right ventricle?

A

receives deoxygenated from right atrium, pushes it to the lungs (thin wall)

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8
Q

What is the function of the left ventricle?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, pushes it to the body (thick wall - needs more force)

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9
Q

What are the four major vessels of the heart?

A
  1. Vena Cava
  2. Pulmonary Trunk
  3. Aorta
  4. Pulmonary Veins
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10
Q

What is the function of the Vena Cava?

A

–> superior vs. inferior

takes deoxygenated blood from body and pushes it into the right atrium

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11
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Trunk?

A

take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and push it to the lungs

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12
Q

What is the function of the Aorta?

A

take oxygenated blood from left ventricle and send it to the body

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13
Q

What is the function of the (4) Pulmonary Veins?

A

receive oxygenated blood from lungs and send it to the left atrium

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14
Q

What are the four valves of the heart? What do they do?

A
  • -> ensure one-way flow between heart chambers and great vessels (only open in one direction - snap shut against “back flow”)
    1. Tricuspid/Right Atrioventricular - 3 flaps
    2. Bicuspid/Left Atrioventricular - 2 flaps
    3. Pulmonary/Right Semilunar- between r. vent and pulm trunk
    4. Aortic/Left Semilunar- between left vent and aorta
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15
Q

What are the chord tendinae?

A

“heart strings”

-connect valves to papillary muscle to help prevent valve flaps from opening when ventricles contract

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16
Q

What are the steps of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Atrial Systole
  2. Ventricular Systole
  3. Ventricular Diastyole
17
Q

Atrial Systole

A
  • atrioventricular valves open
  • semilunar valves close
  • atria contract
  • blood pushed into ventricles
18
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

“Lubb”

  • AV valves close
  • semilunar valves open
  • ventricles contract
  • blood–>vessels (aorta/pulm arteries)
19
Q

Ventricular Diastole

A

“Dubb”

  • ALL valves close
  • atria refills w/blood
20
Q

What are the parts of the heart conducting system?

A
  1. Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
  2. Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
  3. Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
  4. Bundle Branches
  5. Perkinje Fibers
21
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A

generates impulse for atrial contraction, “pacemaker,” –> posterior wall of atria below superior vena cava opening

22
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

A

impulses pause here –> on floor of right atrium, near opening of coronary sinus

23
Q

Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)

A

connect atria + ventricles

24
Q

Bundle Branches

A

impulses move down ventricles via these

25
Q

Perkinje Fibers

A

throughout myocardium of ventricular walls, contraction of ventricles

26
Q

What part of heart conducting system acts as the “pacemaker?”

A

SA Node

Anatomy (25 decks)

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