MSK: CALCIUM + VIT D Flashcards
1
Q
CALCIUM + VIT D: INDICATIONS
A
- Osteoporosis
- CKD ( Tx + Prevent Secondary Hyperparathyroidism + Renal Dystrophy)
- Severe Hyperkalaemia (prevent life threatening arrhythmias)
- Hypocalcemia
- Vit D Deficiency
2
Q
CALCIUM + VIT D: MOA
A
- Essential for normal fxn of muscles, nerves, bone and clotting
- Controlled by PTH and VIT D = Increase serum calcium levels and bone mineralisation
- Calcitonin reduces serum calcium levels
- Osteoporosis = loss of bone mass which increases risk of fracture
- CKD = impaired phosphate excretion and reduced activation of Vit D = HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA + HYPOCALCEMIA
=> SECONDARY HYPOPARATHYROIDISM = Renal Osteodystrophy - Hyperkalaemia = Ca2+ raises myocardial threshold potential, reduces excitability and the risk of arrhythmias
- Hypocalcemia and Vit D Deficiency
3
Q
CALCIUM + VIT D: ADVERSE EFFECTS
A
- Oral Calcium = Dyspepsia and Constipation
- IV = Cardiovascular collapse and local tissue damage
4
Q
CALCIUM + VIT D: WARNINGS
A
- Avoided in HYPERCALCEMIA patients
5
Q
CALCIUM + VIT D: IMPORTANT INTERACTIONS
A
- Reduces the absorption of many drugs including IRON BISPHOSPHONATES, TETRACYCLINES, LEVOTHYROXINE
- Administered IV, cannot be allowed to mix with Sodium Bicarb = Risk of Precipitation
6
Q
CALCIUM + VIT D: EXAMPLES
A
- Calcium Carbonate
- Calcium Gluconate
- Colecalciferol
- Alfacalcidol