Module 34: Challenges during Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Secular Trend

A

children may be starting puberty earlier but spending more time to reach full sexual maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What may be a reason for the secular trend?

A

+ may be due to higher standard of living, undernutrition, health, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals
+ may also because they were firstborn, being born to a single mother and harsh maternal parenting practices
+ however, it was concluded that children who are exposed to high stress when young tend to reach pubertal milestone earlier than those who are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What has early maturation been linked to?

A

+ early maturation has been liked to adult health issues such as cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
+ early puberty can be a predictor of adult obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) – disorder causing acne, irregular periods, excess hair growth, and the growth of cysts on ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When do the effects of early or late maturation become negative?

A

effects of early or late maturation are most likely to be negative when adolescents are much more or less developed than peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can a sedentary lifestyle in adolescence lead to?

A

A sedentary lifestyle may result in increased risk of poor mental health, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and an increased likelihood of heart disease and cancer in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sleep Patterns in Adolescence

A

Children generally go to sleep later and sleep less on school days the older they get

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sleep Deprivation in Adolescence

A

Sleep deprivation can sap motivation and cause irritability, and concentration and school performance can suffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secretion of Melatonin after Puberty

A

After puberty, the secretion of melatonin takes place later at night, making it difficult for adolescent to go to bed early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Overweight Teenagers

A

Overweight teenagers tend to be in poorer health than their peers and are more likely have difficulty attending school or engaging in strenuous activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Body Image

A

one’s perception, thoughts, and feelings
about one’s body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When do girls express the highest and lowest body satisfaction?

A

Girls tend to express the highest level of body satisfaction when underweight, some dissatisfaction when average weight, and the most dissatisfaction when overweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

distorted body image, severely underweight, may be withdrawn or depressed, and afraid of losing control and becoming overweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

short-lived binge eating and then purging by self-induced vomiting, strict dieting, excessive exercise, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

binging without purging of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of drugs are adolescents most likely to abuse?

A

A recent trend is the abuse of nonprescription cough and cold meds (dextromethorphan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Binge Drinking

A

consuming five or more drinks on one occasion

17
Q

What is happening to the brain when teenagers begin to be sensitive to environmental influences?

A

When the brain is undergoing significant structural and functional change, might be a period of the life span during which teens should be particularly sensitive to environmental influences

18
Q

What is true about drinking alcohol in adolescence?

A

Alcohol interacts with inhibitory and excitatory receptor systems that are developing in adolescence, making them more sensitive to rewarding effects of alcohol and less sensitive to its negative features

19
Q

What parts of the brain are changing in those individuals who drink alcohol?

A

Those who drink show changes in key prefrontal areas, including middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, left frontal cortex, frontal pole, and left frontal gyrus – all areas involved in executive control

20
Q

What is a big risk factor for depression?

A

Being female is a risk factor for depression

21
Q

Why is being female a risk factor for depression?

A

This may be due to biological changes associated with puberty

22
Q

What are the leading causes of death in US teenagers?

A
  1. Motor Vehicle collisions
  2. Suicide
  3. Homicides
23
Q

What is the background of adolescents who consider or attempt suicide?

A

Young people who consider or attempt suicide tend to have histories of emotional illness