Module 27: Expected Development in Young Adulthood Flashcards
What may stress lead in for young adults?
Stress may lead young adults to engage in risky behaviors, eat unhealthily, have poor quality of sleep, etc.
Emotion-Focused Coping
manage emotions by refusing to think about an issue or reframing the event in the positive light
Problem-Focused Coping
involves addressing an issue head-on and developing action-oriented ways of managing and changing a bad situation
Premenstrual Syndrome
+ Disorder that produces physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to 2 weeks before menstrual period
+ Response to monthly surges of female hormones
+ More typical in women in their 30s or older
Dysmenorrhea
caused by contractions of the uterus which are set in motion by prostaglandin
Infertility
inability to conceive a baby
Common causes of infertility in women
failure to produce ova, mucus in the cervix or disease of the uterine lining
Reflective Thinking
+ Active, persistent, and careful consideration of information or beliefs
+ Continually question facts, draw inferences, and make connections
+ Frequently engage in critical thinking
What is the development of the brain at 20-25 years of age?
At approx. 20-25 years of age, the brain forms new neurons, synapses, and dendritic connections, and the cortical regions that handle higher-level thinking become fully myelinated
Postformal Thought
+ characterized by the ability to deal with inconsistency, contradiction, and compromise
+ draws on intuition and emotion as well as logic to help people cope with situations such as social dilemmas
+ use of both logic and experience
What does postformal thought acknowledge?
Acknowledges that there may be more than one valid way of viewing an issue and that the world is made up of shades of gray (Relativistic Thought)
Provisional
Postformal Thought
many young adults become more skeptical about what the truth is
Stages of Schaie: A Lifespan Model of Cognitive Development
- Acquisitive Stage (Childhood and Adolescence)
- Achieving Stage (Late teens or early twenties to thirties)
- Responsible Stage (Late 30s to early 60s)
- Executive Stage (30s or 40s through middle age)
- Reorganizational Stage (end of middle age, beginning of late adulthood)
- Reintegrative Stage (Late Adulthood)
- Legacy-Creating Stage (advanced old age)
Acquisitive Stage (Childhood and Adolescence)
Children acquire info and skills mainly for their own sake or as preparation in society
Achieving Stage (Late teens or early twenties to thirties)
They use what they know to pursue goals
Responsible Stage (Late 30s to early 60s)
Use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others
Executive Stage (30s or 40s through middle age)
Responsible for societal systems or social movements
Reorganizational Stage (end of middle age, beginning of late adulthood)
Enter retirement, reorganize their lives and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits that take place of paid work
Reintegrative Stage (Late Adulthood)
Focus on the purpose of what they do and concentrate on tasks that have most meaning for them
Legacy-Creating Stage (advanced old age)
Older people may create instructions for the disposition of prized possessions, make funeral arrangements, provide oral histories, or write their life stories as legacy for their loved ones
Componential Knowledge
analytical abilities
Experiential Intelligence
original thinking, experience-based
Contextual Intelligence
knowing your way around
Tacit Knowledge
+ inside information, know-how, “hacks”, not formally taught or openly expressed; commonsense knowledge of how to get aged
+ Includes self-management, management of tasks, and management of others
Emotional Intelligence
refers to four related skills: the abilities to perceive, use, understand, and manage or regulate emotions to achieve goals
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
measures emotional intelligence through an individual’s abilities to perceive, comprehend, act on, and manage emotional information
Kohlberg’s Postconventional Morality
In Kohlberg’s Postconventional Morality, people became more capable of fully principled moral reasoning, and that they made moral decisions on the basis of universal principles of justice
What affects one’s understanding of morality?
Culture affects the understanding of morality
What do students realize when they gain more experience and think more deeply?
As students gain more experience and think more deeply, they begin to realize that much knowledge and many values are somewhat relative
Commitment within Relativism
students decide for themselves, ideally, what they want to believe
What does the completion of college depend on?
Whether a person completes college may depend not only on motivation, academic aptitude, and preparation, and ability to work independently, but also on social integration and social support
In what kinds of jobs do people grow in?
People seem to grow in challenging jobs
Substantive Complexity
the degree of thought and independent judgement it requires – and a person’s flexibility in coping with cognitive demands
Spillover Hypothesis
cognitive gains from work carry over to nonworking hours
What does an intimate relationship require?
Intimate relationship requires self-awareness, empathy, the ability to communicate emotions, resolve conflict, and sustain commitments
Why are friendships during young adulthood less stable?
Friendships during young adulthood are much less stable because people relocate more frequently
What do adulthood friendships tend to center on?
They tend to center on work, sharing confidence and advice
What biological sex is more likely to have intimate friendships?
Women have more intimate friendships than men
What do men more likely do in their friendships?
Men are more likely to share information and activities
Fictive Kin
treated as family members despite a lack of blood relationship
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
states that the way love develops is a story; the loves are its authors, and the story they create reflects their personalities and their conceptions of love
What are the three elements of love according to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love?
a. Intimacy
b. Passion
c. Commitment
Intimacy
emotional element, involves self- disclosure, which leads to connection, warmth, and trust
Passion
motivational element, based on inner drives that translate physiological arousal into sexual desire
Commitment
cognitive element, the decision to love and make the relationship work (exclusive or marry)
What are the different types of relationships?
- Nonlove
- Liking
- Infatuation
- Empty Love
- Companionate Love
- Fatuous Love
- Romantic Love
- Consummate Love
Nonlove
+ No intimacy, passion, nor commitment
+ Casual Interactions
e.g., friends, acquaintances
Liking
+ Intimacy present
+ There is closeness, understanding, emotional support, affection, bondedness, and warmth
Infatuation
+ Passion present
+ Strong physical attraction
Empty Love
+ Commitment only
+ Found in long-term relationship that have lost both intimacy and passion
Companionate Love
+ Intimacy and Commitment present
+ Long-term, committed friendship, no physical attraction
Fatuous Love
+ Passion and Commitment only
+ Couple makes commitment without allowing themselves to develop intimacy
Romantic Love
+ Passion and Intimacy only
+ Drawn to each other physically and bonded emotionally but not committed to each other
Consummate Love
All three components of Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love completed (Intimacy, Passion, Commitment)
What are some reasons for young adults staying single?
Some young adults stay single because they have not found the right mate, some are single by choice
Friends With Benefits
relationships of friendships blended with physical intimacy, but little commitment
Gay & Lesbian Relationships
+ Gay and Lesbian relationships mirror heterosexual relationships
+ More likely to negotiate household chores on a more egalitarian basis
+ Resolve conflicts in more positive ways
+ Less stable
+ Lesbian couples are more likely to divorce than gay couples
Cohabitation
unmarried couple involved in sexual relationship live together
When are young adults most likely to marry?
Most young adults plan to marry, but only when they feel ready, and they see getting on their feet financially and establishing themselves in a stable jobs or careers
Who tend to be happier: married or unmarried people?
Married people tend to be happier than unmarried people
What is an important factor that impacts the quality of a relationship?
Sex impacts relationship quality
What do women tend to place more importance on when it comes to relationships?
Women tend to place more importance on emotional expressiveness than men do
Parental Investment Theory
sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are based on the different amounts of time and effort men and women must invest in child rearing
Social Role Theory
sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are adaptations to gender roles
Assortative Mating (Homogamy)
tendency to mate with someone who has traits similar to one’s own
Donald Super’s Career Development Tasks
- Crystallization
- Specialization
- Implement
Crystallization
develop and plan a tentative vocational goal
Specialization
convert generalized preference into a specific choice
Implement
completing appropriate training and securing a position in the chosen occupation
