Module 17: Middle and Late Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Representational Systems

A

broad, inclusive self-concepts that integrate various aspects of the self

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2
Q

What do children in their middle and late childhood think about their self-concept?

A

She can compare her real self with her ideal self and can judge how well she measures up to social standards in comparison with others

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3
Q

According to Erikson, what may happen when children are not praised by adults or peers?

A

According to Erikson, in the event that children are unable to obtain the praise of adults or peers in their lives, or lack motivation and self-esteem, they may develop a feeling of low self-worth, thus develop a sense of inferiority

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4
Q

What is the crisis faced in middle and late childhood (Erik Erikson)?

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

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5
Q

What are the ages of children who face the crisis, Industry vs. Inferiority?

A

School Age Age (5-13 yrs)

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6
Q

What is the virtue developed once Industry vs. Inferiority is successfully passed?

A

Competency

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7
Q

What does developing a sense of industry involve?

A

Developing a sense of industry involves learning how to work hard to achieve goals

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8
Q

What are the maladaptive tendencies that may be faced in middle and late childhood?

A
  1. Narrow Virtuosity
  2. Inertia
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9
Q

Narrow Virtuosity

A

children that aren’t allowed to “be children” and push into one area of competence

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10
Q

Inertia

A

suffer from inferiority complexes

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11
Q

What are the significant persons in middle and late childhood?

A

Neighborhood and School

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12
Q

What do children become more aware of as they grow older?

A

+ As children grow, they are more aware of their own and other people’s feelings
+ Children are typically aware of feeling shame and pride and a clearer idea of the difference between guilt and shame

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13
Q

Emotional Self-Regulation

A

voluntary control of emotions, attention, and behavior

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14
Q

What do children in middle and late childhood tend to be?

A

Children tends to become more empathetic and more inclined to prosocial behaviors

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15
Q

Gender Stereotypes

A

broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females

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16
Q

Coregulation

A

children and parents share power

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17
Q

How does the amount of autonomy that parents give affect children?

A

The amount of autonomy parents provide affects how their children feel about them

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18
Q

When do children follow their parents’ wishes?

A

Children are more apt to follow their parents’ wishes when they believe the parents are fair and concerned about the child’s welfare

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19
Q

What kind of form of discipline do parents of school-age children tend to do?

A

Parents of school-age children tends to use inductive techniques as a form of discipline

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20
Q

How does being exposed to high levels of family conflict affect children?

A

Children exposed to high levels of family conflict are more likely to show a variety of responses that can include internalizing or externalizing behaviors

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21
Q

Internalizing behaviors

A

anxiety, fear, depression-anger turned inward

22
Q

Externalizing behaviors

A

aggression, fighting, disobedience, hostility

23
Q

How can constructive family conflict help children?

A

If family conflict is constructive, it can help children see the need for rules and standards and learn what issues are worth arguing about and what strategies can be effective

24
Q

When is a mother more likely to be effective as a parent?

A

The more satisfied a mother is with her employment status, the more effective she is likely to be a parent

25
Q

What can serve as a buffer for the consequences of poverty for children?

A

Though poverty can harm children’s development, high-quality parenting can buffer children from potential consequences of poverty

26
Q

What kind of families do children tend to do better in?

A

Children tend to do better in families with two continuously married parents than in cohabiting, divorced, single-parent, or step-families

27
Q

What affects children’s adjustment more than marital status?

A

Parent’s relationship, the quality of their parenting, and their ability to create a favorable family atmosphere affect children’s adjustment more than their marital status does

28
Q

What kind of behavior do children with divorced parents tend to show?

A

Children whose parents later divorce show more anxiety, depression, or antisocial behavior prior to the divorce than those parents who stay married

29
Q

When children’s parents are divorced, in what kind of custody do they do better in?

A

Children do better with joint custody

30
Q

What has co-parenting been linked to?

A

Co-parenting has been consistently linked to positive child outcomes

31
Q

What range of development do most adopted children fall into?

A

Most adopted children fall within the normal range of development

32
Q

What are children adopted after the age of 1 more likely to show?

A

Children adopted after the age 1 were more likely to show lower school achievement

33
Q

What is having a warm and supportive sibling relationship associated with?

A

Having a warm and supportive sibling relationship is associated with better adjustment and better emotion regulation

34
Q

What gender of sibling shows a high level of sibling intimacy?

A

Sisters are higher in sibling intimacy than brothers or mixed-sex dyads

35
Q

How do peer groups help children?

A

Peer groups helps children learn how to adjust their needs and desires to those of others, when to yield, and when to stand firm

36
Q

What can children in middle and late childhood gauge?

A

Children can gauge their abilities and gain a clearer sense of self-efficacy

37
Q

Prejudice

A

unfavorable attitudes towards outsiders

38
Q

How does discrimination affect children?

A

Children can be negatively affected by discrimination

39
Q

Between males and females, who are most likely to engage in cross-gender activities in middle and late childhood?

A

Girls are more likely to engage in cross gender activities

40
Q

Positive Nomination

A

asking children who they like to play with, they like the most, or who they think other kids like the most

41
Q

Negative Nomination

A

opposite of positive nomination

42
Q

Sociometric Popularity

A

measures that is composed of positive nominations, negative nominations or no nominations

43
Q

Average children

A

receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations

44
Q

Neglected Children

A

infrequently nominated as bestie but not really disliked

45
Q

Rejected Children

A

disliked by peers

46
Q

Controversial Children

A

frequently nominated both bestie and most disliked

47
Q

Popular Children

A

frequently nominated as bestie and rarely disliked by peers

48
Q

Unpopular children

A

Unpopular children can make friends but they tend to have fewer friends and they prefer younger ones

49
Q

Instrumental Aggression

A

+ aimed at achieving an objective
+ Proactive (Cold Aggression)
+ view force and coercion as effective ways to get what they want
+ very common in kids

50
Q

Hostile Aggression

A

+ intended to hurt another person
+ Reactive (hot aggression)
+ Direct Aggression

51
Q

Hostile Attributional Bias

A

quickly conclude, in ambiguous situations that others were acting with ill intent and are likely to strike out in retaliation or self-defense