Module 26: Expected Development in Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

White Matter in Adolescence

A

+ A steady increase in white matter, nerve fibers that connect distant portions of the brain, permits faster information and better communication across hemispheres
+ Increase in white matter occurs early in women than men

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2
Q

What makes cognitive processing in adolescence more efficient?

A

By mid- to late adolescence, young people have fewer but stronger, smoother, and more effective neuronal connections, making cognitive processing more efficient

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3
Q

Where does development of the brain begin?

A

Development of the brain starts at the back and moves forward

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4
Q

What is a biological explanation for why adolescents tend to seek thrills and novelty?

A

The underdevelopment of frontal cortical systems by comparison may help explain why adolescent tend to seek thrills and novelty and why many of them find it hard to focus on long-term goals

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5
Q

What is the biological explanation behind peers exerting a stronger influence in adolescence?

A

Peers tend to exert a stronger influence in adolescence in part because of a heightened neurobehavioral susceptibility to social reward cues and concurrent immaturity in the cognitive control system

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6
Q

Formal Operations

A

+ the highest level of cognitive development adolescents enter according to Piaget
+ Adolescents move away from their reliance on concrete, real-world stimuli, and develop the capacity for abstract thought
+ They can now use symbols to represent other symbols, hidden messages, imagine possibilities, create hypotheses

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7
Q

What age do children enter formal operations?

A

Usually around 11 yrs old

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8
Q

Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning

A

+ methodical, scientific approach to problem solving, and it characterizes formal operations thinking
+ involves ability to develop, consider, and test hypotheses

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9
Q

What is Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning attributed to?

A

Piaget attributed it to a combination of brain maturation and expanding environmental opportunities

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10
Q

School

A

offers opportunities to learn info, master new skills, and sharpen old skills

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11
Q

What are educational practices based on?

A

Educational Practices are based on the assumption that students are, or can be motivated to learn

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12
Q

What subjects are boys most likely to fail in?

A

Boys are more likely to fail to achieve a baseline of proficiency in reading, mathematics, and science

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13
Q

What subjects do girls do better in?

A

Girls do better on verbal tasks that involve writing and language usage

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14
Q

What subjects do boys do better in?

A

Boys do better in activities that involve visual and spatial functions helpful in math and science

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15
Q

Spillover

A

experiences in different contexts influence each other

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16
Q

What makes a good middle or high school?

A

A good middle or high school has an orderly, safe environment, an adequate material resources, a stable teaching staff, and a positive sense of community

17
Q

When do adolescents become more satisfied with school?

A

Adolescents are more satisfied with school if allowed to participate in making rules, if they feel supported from teachers and other students, and if the curriculum and instruction are meaningful and appropriately challenging and fit their interests, skill level, and needs

18
Q

Dropout Reasons

A

✓ Low teacher expectations
✓ Differential treatment
✓ Less teacher support
✓ Perceived irrelevance of the curriculum to culturally under-represented groups

19
Q

What do Self-Efficacy Beliefs help shape?

A

Self-Efficacy beliefs help shape the occupational options students consider and the way they prepare for careers

20
Q

Service Learning

A

form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community