Module 16: Development of Early Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

What are preschool children mostly learning about society?

A

Preschool children can do-and want to do more and more. At the same time, they are learning that some of the things they want to do meet social approval, whereas others do not

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2
Q

What is the crisis faced in early childhood [Play Age (3-5 yrs)]?

A

Initiative versus Guilt

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3
Q

How old are the individuals who face the crisis, Initiative versus Guilt?

A

Play Age (3-5 yrs)

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4
Q

What is the virtue developed once the individual successfully goes through the crisis of Initiative versus Guilt?

A

Purpose

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5
Q

Purpose (virtue)

A

the courage to envision and pursue goals without being unduly inhibited by guilt or fear of punishment

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6
Q

What are the maladaptive tendencies that may be faced in early childhood?

A
  1. Ruthlessness
  2. Inhibition
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7
Q

Maladaptive Tendency: Ruthlessness

A

don’t care who they step on just to achieve their goals

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8
Q

Malignant Tendency: Inhibition

A

too much guilt to do anything so nothing would happen

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9
Q

What are the Significant Persons in early childhood?

A

Family

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10
Q

Theory of Sexual Selection

A

the selection of sexual partners is a response to differing reproductive pressures early men and women confronted in the study for survival

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11
Q

Identification

A

adoption of characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors of the parent of the same sex

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12
Q

What did Kohlberg say about development in early childhood?

A

According to Kohlberg, Children actively search for cues about gender in their social world

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13
Q

Gender Constancy

A

a child’s realization that his or her gender will always be the same

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14
Q

Gender Identity

A

awareness of one’s own gender and that of others, which typically occurs ages 2 and 3

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15
Q

Gender Stability

A

awareness that gender does not change

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16
Q

Gender Constancy

A

the realization that a girl remains a girl even if she has a short haircut and plays with trucks, typically occurs between ages 3 and 7

17
Q

Gender-Schema Theory

A

+ it views children as actively extracting knowledge about gender from their environment before engaging in gender typed behavior
+ place more emphasis on the influence of culture

18
Q

In terms of gender, what do children match their behavior with?

A

Children match their behavior to their culture’s view of what boys and girls are supposed to be and do

19
Q

What did Walter Mischel say about children and gender roles?

A

According to Walter Mischel, children acquire gender roles by imitating models and being rewarded for gender-appropriate behavior

20
Q

What are issues that children may face in early childhood?

A
  1. Sleeping problems
  2. Bedwetting
  3. Malnutrition/obesity
  4. Food allergies
  5. Oral health
  6. Accidents
21
Q

What are cognitive issues that children may face in early childhood?

A
  1. Centration
  2. Egocentrism
  3. Conservation
  4. Usage of media
  5. Parenting styles
  6. Relationships with other family members
  7. Aggression
  8. Prosocial behavior
  9. Fearfulness