Module 16: Development of Early Childhood

Question 1

What are preschool children mostly learning about society?

Answer 1

Preschool children can do-and want to do more and more. At the same time, they are learning that some of the things they want to do meet social approval, whereas others do not

Question 2

What is the crisis faced in early childhood [Play Age (3-5 yrs)]?

Answer 2

Initiative versus Guilt

Question 3

How old are the individuals who face the crisis, Initiative versus Guilt?

Answer 3

Play Age (3-5 yrs)

Question 4

What is the virtue developed once the individual successfully goes through the crisis of Initiative versus Guilt?

Answer 4

Purpose

Question 5

Purpose (virtue)

Answer 5

the courage to envision and pursue goals without being unduly inhibited by guilt or fear of punishment

Question 6

What are the maladaptive tendencies that may be faced in early childhood?

Answer 6

1. Ruthlessness
2. Inhibition

Question 7

Maladaptive Tendency: Ruthlessness

Answer 7

don’t care who they step on just to achieve their goals

Question 8

Malignant Tendency: Inhibition

Answer 8

too much guilt to do anything so nothing would happen

Question 9

What are the Significant Persons in early childhood?

Answer 9

Family

Question 10

Theory of Sexual Selection

Answer 10

the selection of sexual partners is a response to differing reproductive pressures early men and women confronted in the study for survival

Question 11

Identification

Answer 11

adoption of characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors of the parent of the same sex

Question 12

What did Kohlberg say about development in early childhood?

Answer 12

According to Kohlberg, Children actively search for cues about gender in their social world

Question 13

Gender Constancy

Answer 13

a child’s realization that his or her gender will always be the same

Question 14

Gender Identity

Answer 14

awareness of one’s own gender and that of others, which typically occurs ages 2 and 3

Question 15

Gender Stability

Answer 15

awareness that gender does not change

Question 16

Gender Constancy

Answer 16

the realization that a girl remains a girl even if she has a short haircut and plays with trucks, typically occurs between ages 3 and 7

Question 17

Gender-Schema Theory

Answer 17

+ it views children as actively extracting knowledge about gender from their environment before engaging in gender typed behavior
+ place more emphasis on the influence of culture

Question 18

In terms of gender, what do children match their behavior with?

Answer 18

Children match their behavior to their culture’s view of what boys and girls are supposed to be and do

Question 19

What did Walter Mischel say about children and gender roles?

Answer 19

According to Walter Mischel, children acquire gender roles by imitating models and being rewarded for gender-appropriate behavior

Question 20

What are issues that children may face in early childhood?

Answer 20

1. Sleeping problems
2. Bedwetting
3. Malnutrition/obesity
4. Food allergies
5. Oral health
6. Accidents

Question 21

What are cognitive issues that children may face in early childhood?

Answer 21

1. Centration
2. Egocentrism
3. Conservation
4. Usage of media
5. Parenting styles
6. Relationships with other family members
7. Aggression
8. Prosocial behavior
9. Fearfulness