Module 15: Developmental Issues during Infancy and Toddlerhood Flashcards
What can lack of interaction with the caregiver cause in infants?
delayed speech
What can lack of stimulation with the caregiver cause in infants?
delayed cognition
What is the first challenge for babies according to Erik Erikson?
According to Erik Erikson, as babies, our first challenge involves forming basic sense of Trust versus Mistrust. Ideally, babies develop a balance between trust and
mistrust.
What happens when trust predominates in children according to Erik Erikson?
If trust predominates, as it should, children develop Hope and the belief that they can fulfill their needs and obtain their desires
What is the approximate age of individuals who face the Trust vs. Mistrust crisis?
Infancy (0-18 months)
What is the crisis during Infancy (0-18 months)?
Trust vs. Mistrust
What is the virtue that develops after Trust vs. Mistrust?
Hope
What is the approximate age of individuals who face the Autonomy vs.
Shame/Doubt crisis?
Toddler (18 months – 36 months)
What is the crisis during Toddler (18 months – 36 months)?
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
What is the virtue that develops after Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt?
Will
Maladaptive Tendency for Infancy: Sensory Maladjustment
overly trusting and gullible, unrealistic, spoiled
Malignant Tendency: Withdrawal
never trust anyone, paranoid, neurotic, depressive
Who is the Significant Person in the development of a baby in terms of withdrawal?
Mother
Maladaptive Tendency for Toddler: Impulsiveness
shameless willfulness that leads to jump into things without proper consideration, reckless, inconsiderate
Malignant Tendency: Compulsiveness
perfectionism, rule follower, anal, constrained
Who is the Significant Person in the development of a baby in terms of impulsiveness and compulsiveness; toddlerhood?
Parents
What happens when a child becomes successful in a stage according to Erik Erikson?
Successful in this stage = hopeful child
What happens when a child fails in a stage according to Erik Erikson?
withdrawn child
Self-Concept
our image of ourselves; it describes what we know and feel about ourselves and guides our actions
At 3 months, what image do infants pay attention to?
By at least 3 months, infants pay attention to their mirror image
Pretend Play
an early indication of the ability to
understand other’s mental states and their own
What age do infants usually start to use pronouns?
Usage of person pronouns (me, mine) usually at 20-24 months
Socialization
process by which children develop habits, skills, values, and motives that make them responsible and productive members of the society
Why do children obey society or their parents?
Children obey societal or parental dictates because they believe them to be right and true
What is the eventual goal for the development of infants?
The eventual goal is the development of conscience
Situational Compliance
+ extra assistance provided by their parents’ reminder and prompts to complete the task
+ only in the presence of the parents
Committed Compliance
+ they were committed to following request and could do so without their parents direct intervention
+ even without the parents
Receptive Cooperation
eager willingness to cooperate harmoniously with a parent, not only in disciplinary actions, but in variety of daily interactions
What is the anal stage focused on?
In Freud’s second psychosexual development stage, Anal Stage, it stated how the development of children on this stage is focused on controlling bowel movements.
What are the possible fixations of the anal stage?
Fixations of this stage leads to Anal-Retentive and Anal-Expulsive Individuals
Anal Retentive
obsessed with orderliness and tidiness due to strict potty training
Anal-Expulsive
very messy and disorganized adults due to lax potty training
What are the maladaptive tendencies in infancy?
- Sensory Maladjustment
- Withdrawal
- Impulsiveness
- Compulsiveness
