Module 15: Developmental Issues during Infancy and Toddlerhood Flashcards

1
Q

What can lack of interaction with the caregiver cause in infants?

A

delayed speech

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2
Q

What can lack of stimulation with the caregiver cause in infants?

A

delayed cognition

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3
Q

What is the first challenge for babies according to Erik Erikson?

A

According to Erik Erikson, as babies, our first challenge involves forming basic sense of Trust versus Mistrust. Ideally, babies develop a balance between trust and
mistrust.

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4
Q

What happens when trust predominates in children according to Erik Erikson?

A

If trust predominates, as it should, children develop Hope and the belief that they can fulfill their needs and obtain their desires

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5
Q

What is the approximate age of individuals who face the Trust vs. Mistrust crisis?

A

Infancy (0-18 months)

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6
Q

What is the crisis during Infancy (0-18 months)?

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

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7
Q

What is the virtue that develops after Trust vs. Mistrust?

A

Hope

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8
Q

What is the approximate age of individuals who face the Autonomy vs.
Shame/Doubt crisis?

A

Toddler (18 months – 36 months)

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9
Q

What is the crisis during Toddler (18 months – 36 months)?

A

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

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10
Q

What is the virtue that develops after Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt?

A

Will

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11
Q

Maladaptive Tendency for Infancy: Sensory Maladjustment

A

overly trusting and gullible, unrealistic, spoiled

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12
Q

Malignant Tendency: Withdrawal

A

never trust anyone, paranoid, neurotic, depressive

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13
Q

Who is the Significant Person in the development of a baby in terms of withdrawal?

A

Mother

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14
Q

Maladaptive Tendency for Toddler: Impulsiveness

A

shameless willfulness that leads to jump into things without proper consideration, reckless, inconsiderate

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15
Q

Malignant Tendency: Compulsiveness

A

perfectionism, rule follower, anal, constrained

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16
Q

Who is the Significant Person in the development of a baby in terms of impulsiveness and compulsiveness; toddlerhood?

A

Parents

17
Q

What happens when a child becomes successful in a stage according to Erik Erikson?

A

Successful in this stage = hopeful child

18
Q

What happens when a child fails in a stage according to Erik Erikson?

A

withdrawn child

19
Q

Self-Concept

A

our image of ourselves; it describes what we know and feel about ourselves and guides our actions

20
Q

At 3 months, what image do infants pay attention to?

A

By at least 3 months, infants pay attention to their mirror image

21
Q

Pretend Play

A

an early indication of the ability to
understand other’s mental states and their own

22
Q

What age do infants usually start to use pronouns?

A

Usage of person pronouns (me, mine) usually at 20-24 months

23
Q

Socialization

A

process by which children develop habits, skills, values, and motives that make them responsible and productive members of the society

24
Q

Why do children obey society or their parents?

A

Children obey societal or parental dictates because they believe them to be right and true

25
Q

What is the eventual goal for the development of infants?

A

The eventual goal is the development of conscience

26
Q

Situational Compliance

A

+ extra assistance provided by their parents’ reminder and prompts to complete the task
+ only in the presence of the parents

27
Q

Committed Compliance

A

+ they were committed to following request and could do so without their parents direct intervention
+ even without the parents

28
Q

Receptive Cooperation

A

eager willingness to cooperate harmoniously with a parent, not only in disciplinary actions, but in variety of daily interactions

29
Q

What is the anal stage focused on?

A

In Freud’s second psychosexual development stage, Anal Stage, it stated how the development of children on this stage is focused on controlling bowel movements.

30
Q

What are the possible fixations of the anal stage?

A

Fixations of this stage leads to Anal-Retentive and Anal-Expulsive Individuals

31
Q

Anal Retentive

A

obsessed with orderliness and tidiness due to strict potty training

32
Q

Anal-Expulsive

A

very messy and disorganized adults due to lax potty training

33
Q

What are the maladaptive tendencies in infancy?

A
  1. Sensory Maladjustment
  2. Withdrawal
  3. Impulsiveness
  4. Compulsiveness