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TOS DevPsych > Module 12: Learning Theories > Flashcards

Module 12: Learning Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviorism

A

+ observed behavior as a predictable response to experience
+ reacting to conditions or aspects of their environment that find pleasing, painful, or threatening

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2
Q

Who developed Classical Conditioning?

A

Pavlov

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3
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

response to a stimulus is evoked after repeated association with a stimulus that normally elicits response

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4
Q

What is a crucial experiment in classical conditioning?

A

Watson’s “Little Albert Experiment”

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5
Q

Who developed the Operant Conditioning?

A

Skinner

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6
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

consequences of “operating” on the environment; reinforcements and punishments

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7
Q

Concepts of Operant Conditioning

A
  1. Reinforcement
  2. Punishment
  3. Extinguished
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8
Q

Reinforcement

A

increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated

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9
Q

Punishment

A

decreasing the likelihood of repetition

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10
Q

When is reinforcement most effective?

A

reinforcement is most effective when it immediately follows a behavior

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11
Q

Extinguished

A

behavior returns to its original level when a response is no longer reinforced

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12
Q

Who developed the Social Learning Theory?

A

Bandura

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13
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

Social Learning Theory

A

behaviorist sees the environment as the chief impetus for development and Bandura suggested that the impetus for development is bidirectional

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14
Q

Behaviorism

Social Learning Theory

A

stimulus > response

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15
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

stimulus > response > stimulus

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16
Q

Observational Learning

A

people learn appropriate social behavior chiefly by observing and imitating models – that is, by watching other people (usually whose behavior is perceived as valued in their culture)

17
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

cognitive processes are at work as people observe models, learn chunks of behavior, and mentally put the chunks together into complex new behavior patterns

18
Q

Self-Efficacy

Social Learning Theory

A

confidence in one’s ability

19
Q

Sources of Self-Efficacy

A
  1. Mastery of Tasks
  2. Social Modeling
  3. Social Persuasion
  4. Physical and Emotional States
20
Q

Who developed the Experiential Learning Theory?

A

Kolb

21
Q

Experiential Learning Theory

A

+ “learning by doing”
+ Focuses on the best way to learn things is by actually having experiences
+ Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience

22
Q

Concrete Experience

Experiential Learning Theory

A

+ new experience or situation, or a reinterpretation of existing experience in the light of new concepts
+ emphasizes personal involvement with people in everyday situations
+ learner has a new experience and interpret a previous experience in a new way

e.g. “i am a girl but i think i like girls too…”

23
Q

Reflective Observation

Experiential Learning Theory

A

+ reflects on the new experience in the light of their existing knowledge of particular importance are any inconsistencies between experience and understanding
+ people understand ideas and situations from different points of view
+ rely on patience, objectivity, and careful judgment but would not necessarily take any action
+ reflects on the new experience

e.g. “the thing is, guys don’t make my heart flutter. but, ugh,
girls… they are so amazing…”

24
Q

Abstract Conceptualization

Experiential Learning Theory

A

+ reflection gives rise to a new idea, or a modification of an existing abstract concept (the person has learned from their experience)
+ using theories, logic and ideas, rather than feelings, to understand problems or situations
+ adapts their thinking or constructs new ideas based on experience and reflection

e.g. “the internet says i am homosexual because i like
someone with the same gender as i am. i am a lesbian,
i am a girl who is attracted to a fellow girl.”

25
Q

Active Experimentation

A

+ newly created or modified concepts give rise to experimentation; applying their ideas to the world around them
+ learner would take a practical approach and be concerned with what really works, as opposed to simply watch the situation
+ applies new ideas to real world

e.g. “i tried to kissed a girl and i never felt this feeling
before. i’d love to do that again with her.”

26
Q

4 Basic Learning Styles

A
  1. Diverging
  2. Assimilation
  3. Converging
  4. Accommodating
27
Q

Diverging

Experiential Learning Theory

A

+ Concrete experience and Reflective observation
+ tend to perform better in situations that call for generation of ideas
+ prefer groups, listening with an open mind and receiving personalized feedback

e.g. “i like girls more than boys. they are so gorgeous and
amazing. am i feeling right?”

28
Q

Assimilation

A

+ Abstract Conceptualization and Reflective Observation
+ best at understanding wide range of information and putting it into concise, logical form
+ interested in ideas and abstract concepts
+ prefer reading, lectures, and exploring analytical models

e.g. “so technically, i am an homosexual being. i like girls,
so i am lesbian. i don’t feel like a girl so i am
trangender, then?”

29
Q

Converging

A

+ Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation
+ best at finding practical uses for ideas and theories
+ prefer to deal with technical tasks and problems rather than with social issues
+ prefer to experiment with new ideas, simulations, and lab experiments

e.g. “if i kiss this girl, would i like it? if i sleep with her,
would it be different unlike sleeping with a guy?”

30
Q

Accommodating

A

+ Active Experimentation and Concrete Experience
+ enjoy carrying out plans and involving themselves in new and challenging experiences
+ prefers to do field work, and test out different approaches to completing a project

e.g. “i came out to my parents today and introduced my
girlfriend. i slept with her for the first on my birthday.
it was amazing. but i wonder what would it feel like to
sleep with a guy?”

TOS DevPsych (35 decks)

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