MLSP: ISBB Flashcards by Zelene Ignacio

study of immune system (prevents
the establishment if infection in the body)

IMMUNOLOGY

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Study of molecules, cells, tissue, organs, and
systems whose function is to recognize and dispose
harmful substances or foreign substances

IMMUNOLOGY

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Study of desirable and undesirable consequences of
the immune system

IMMUNOLOGY

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study of antigen-antibody reactions,
Study of non-cellular component of the blood called
SERUM

SEROLOGY

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Samples used in serological test?

Serum – most commonly used
CSF
Urine
Stool

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T or F
WHEN TO USE SEROLOGY?
Unable to culture infectious agent
Confirmation of etiologic ID of the specimens
Diagnosis of immunologically-related disorders
Determine immune status

True

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Also known as FOREIGN SUBSTANCES

ANTIGEN

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Stimulate the immune system [once it has entered
the body]

ANTIGEN

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Substances that induce or elicit an immune
response/ production of
antibodies

ANTIGEN

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Also knowns as IMMUNOGLOBULINS

ANTIBODIES

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One of the major substances produced by the
immune system that will block harmful antigen

ANTIBODIES

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OVERVIEW OF SEROLOGICAL TEST

Antigens involved are particulate
Clumping of reactants in serological test

Agglutination

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OVERVIEW OF SEROLOGICAL TEST

Antigens involved are soluble antigens
Liquid form or formation of sediments in the mixture

Precipitation

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Only use for screening for syphilis, uses heated
serum
Principle; flocculation

VDRL – VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH
LABORATORY TEST

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Also known as Enzyme immunoassay
Measures enzymatic reactions
Uses enzymes as labels

ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

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Only use for screening for syphilis, uses unheated
serum
Principle: flocculation

RAPID PLASMA REAGIN

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Uses fluorescent compounds known as
fluorophores or fluorochrome as labels

FLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY

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Uses radioactive substances as label

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

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Defending the body against infections
Recognizing and responding to foreign antigens
Defending the body against the development of
tumors

ROLE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

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The condition of being resistant to infection
The recognition of foreign substances and
subsequent production of antibodies to these
substances

IMMUNITY

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T or F
Immunity can be classified as either innate or acquired
- Innate or natural immunity
- Acquired or adaptive immunity

True

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Innate or non-adaptive or non-specific
Ability of an individual to resist infections by means
of normally present body functions
Present at Birth

NATURAL IMMUNITY

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Adaptive or specific – a reaction resulting from
invasion of foreign substances

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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the source of that is an infection; being exposed then immune

Natural Active

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vaccine, this is when the body is involved in producing antibodies

Artificial Active

mother’s breastmilk: maternal source

Natural Passive

commercially prepared; medical-grade; blood donation

Artificial Passive

T or F The body is supplied with antibodies; the body is given an already-made antibody (from an outside source)

True

Also known as Immunohematology Refers to the collection, processing, typing and storage of whole blood and other blood products

BLOOD BANKING

Study of immunologic principles applied in blood group specific antigen and antibodies

BLOOD BANKING

It also deals with mechanism of blood typing and crossmatching, detection and measurement of antibody titers, screening of donors for blood donation, bleeding techniques, proper labeling, storing and disposal of blood emphasis on quality assurance

BLOOD BANKING

Detection of antigens on patients RBC using known commercial anti-sera

Forward or Direct Typing

Detection of antibodies in serum of patient with known commercial RBCs suspension, and to check if the blood type of the forward is correct

Reverse or Back Typing

T or F Blood Donor Screening Ensure the safety of the donor Ensure the safety of the recipient

True

Involves donation of blood for the use of general public. You do not have a specific patient in mind; anyone who is in need of blood can use that

Allogenic Donation

Involves donation of blood use of specific patient

Directed Donation

Donate blood for your own use in the future, reserved when you have a rare blood type

Autologous Donation

Donate specific component of blood - blood has several components: plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets - you are donating these components separately or just one of the components of whole blood

Apheresis Donation

T or F SIX STEPS IN DONOR SCREENING AND COLLECTION • Registration • Health or Medical history • Physical examination • Phlebotomy [like venipuncture; testing the blood for any blood-borne disease] • Post-donation care • Serological Testing of donor’s blood

True

what is the average amount of blood to be transfused

450 ml

average volume of blood in the body?

5-6 L

how many days the fluid loss can be replenish

4 days

how many days the iron loss can be replenish

56 days

how many days to replace or produce or to take the lifespan of red blood cell

120 days

Minimum weight requirement in blood donation

50kgs/110lbs

T or F There should be 10.5 mL/kg to be donated

True

T or F Required temperature is not >37° or 99.5°F

True

Preferred blood pressure? Systole and Diastole

Systole: not <180mmHg Diastole: not <100mmHg

Normal Pulse rate

50-100 or 60-100bpm

it is the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Hemoglobin

it is the volume of RBC

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin Standard Method?

cyanmethemoglobin

Hemoglobin Screening Test? (manual method)

Copper Sulfate Solution

If the blood SINK within 15 seconds

ACCEPT greater than >12.5 g d/L

If the blood FLOAT within 15 seconds

DEFER less than <12.5 g d/l

blood collected before separation into components

Whole Blood

Fresh whole blood cells - Stored: 1-6°C - Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)

Whole Blood

Stored: 1-6°C - Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)

Red Blood Cells

Stored 20-24°C (room temperature with constant agitation) - Important to have this constant agitation so that the platelets will not clump

Platelets

plasma that is freshly separated from whole blood) - Stored: 1-6°C - Transfused within 24 hours

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Stores: -18°C for 1 year

Cryoprecipitate

Stored: -18°C

Plasma and Liquid Plasma

2 methods: - Intermittent: 1 Vein - Continuous: 2 Veins Anticoagulant: Heparin Advantages: - Large volume of blood - Removal of unwanted substances

APHERESIS

Collection of platelets by apheresis while returning the RBCs, WBCs, and component plasma

PLATELET APHERESIS

Removal of PMNs, basophils, eosinophils for transfusion into patients whole PMNs are ineffective or where traditional therapy has failed

LEUKAPHERESIS

Collection of blood plasma by apheresis while returning the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet

PLASMAPHERESIS