MLSP: ISBB Flashcards
study of immune system (prevents
the establishment if infection in the body)
IMMUNOLOGY
Study of molecules, cells, tissue, organs, and
systems whose function is to recognize and dispose
harmful substances or foreign substances
IMMUNOLOGY
Study of desirable and undesirable consequences of
the immune system
IMMUNOLOGY
study of antigen-antibody reactions,
Study of non-cellular component of the blood called
SERUM
SEROLOGY
Samples used in serological test?
- Serum – most commonly used
- CSF
- Urine
- Stool
T or F
WHEN TO USE SEROLOGY?
Unable to culture infectious agent
Confirmation of etiologic ID of the specimens
Diagnosis of immunologically-related disorders
Determine immune status
True
Also known as FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
ANTIGEN
Stimulate the immune system [once it has entered
the body]
ANTIGEN
Substances that induce or elicit an immune
response/ production of
antibodies
ANTIGEN
Also knowns as IMMUNOGLOBULINS
ANTIBODIES
One of the major substances produced by the
immune system that will block harmful antigen
ANTIBODIES
OVERVIEW OF SEROLOGICAL TEST
Antigens involved are particulate
Clumping of reactants in serological test
Agglutination
OVERVIEW OF SEROLOGICAL TEST
Antigens involved are soluble antigens
Liquid form or formation of sediments in the mixture
Precipitation
Only use for screening for syphilis, uses heated
serum
Principle; flocculation
VDRL – VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH
LABORATORY TEST
Also known as Enzyme immunoassay
Measures enzymatic reactions
Uses enzymes as labels
ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Only use for screening for syphilis, uses unheated
serum
Principle: flocculation
RAPID PLASMA REAGIN
Uses fluorescent compounds known as
fluorophores or fluorochrome as labels
FLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY
Uses radioactive substances as label
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Defending the body against infections
Recognizing and responding to foreign antigens
Defending the body against the development of
tumors
ROLE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The condition of being resistant to infection
The recognition of foreign substances and
subsequent production of antibodies to these
substances
IMMUNITY
T or F
Immunity can be classified as either innate or acquired
- Innate or natural immunity
- Acquired or adaptive immunity
True
Innate or non-adaptive or non-specific
Ability of an individual to resist infections by means
of normally present body functions
Present at Birth
NATURAL IMMUNITY
Adaptive or specific – a reaction resulting from
invasion of foreign substances
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
the source of that is an infection; being exposed then immune
Natural Active
vaccine, this is when the body is involved in producing antibodies
Artificial Active
mother’s breastmilk: maternal source
Natural Passive
commercially prepared; medical-grade; blood
donation
Artificial Passive
T or F
The body is supplied with antibodies; the body
is given an already-made antibody (from an
outside source)
True
Also known as Immunohematology
Refers to the collection, processing, typing and
storage of whole blood and other blood products
BLOOD BANKING
Study of immunologic principles applied in blood
group specific antigen and antibodies
BLOOD BANKING
It also deals with mechanism of blood typing and
crossmatching, detection and measurement of
antibody titers, screening of donors for blood
donation, bleeding techniques, proper labeling,
storing and disposal of blood emphasis on quality
assurance
BLOOD BANKING
Detection of antigens on patients RBC using
known commercial anti-sera
Forward or Direct Typing
Detection of antibodies in serum of patient with
known commercial RBCs suspension, and to check if the blood type of the forward is correct
Reverse or Back Typing
T or F
Blood Donor Screening
Ensure the safety of the donor
Ensure the safety of the recipient
True
Involves donation of blood for the use of general public. You do not have a specific patient in mind; anyone who is in need of blood can use that
Allogenic Donation
Involves donation of blood use of specific patient
Directed Donation
Donate blood for your own use in the future, reserved when you have a rare blood type
Autologous Donation
Donate specific component of blood
- blood has several components:
plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets
- you are donating these components
separately or just one of the
components of whole blood
Apheresis Donation
T or F
SIX STEPS IN DONOR SCREENING AND
COLLECTION
• Registration
• Health or Medical history
• Physical examination
• Phlebotomy [like venipuncture; testing the blood
for any blood-borne disease]
• Post-donation care
• Serological Testing of donor’s blood
True
what is the average amount of blood to be transfused
450 ml
average volume of blood in the body?
5-6 L
how many days the fluid loss can be replenish
4 days
how many days the iron loss can be replenish
56 days
how many days to replace or produce or to take the
lifespan of red blood cell
120 days
Minimum weight requirement in blood donation
50kgs/110lbs
T or F
There should be 10.5 mL/kg to be donated
True
T or F
Required temperature is not >37° or 99.5°F
True
Preferred blood pressure?
Systole and Diastole
Systole: not <180mmHg
Diastole: not <100mmHg
Normal Pulse rate
50-100 or 60-100bpm
it is the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Hemoglobin
it is the volume of RBC
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Standard Method?
cyanmethemoglobin
Hemoglobin Screening Test? (manual method)
Copper Sulfate Solution
If the blood SINK within 15 seconds
ACCEPT greater than >12.5 g d/L
If the blood FLOAT within 15 seconds
DEFER less than <12.5 g d/l
blood collected before separation
into components
Whole Blood
Fresh whole blood cells
- Stored: 1-6°C
- Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)
Whole Blood
Stored: 1-6°C
- Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)
Red Blood Cells
Stored 20-24°C (room temperature with
constant agitation)
- Important to have this constant agitation so
that the platelets will not clump
Platelets
plasma that is freshly separated from whole blood)
- Stored: 1-6°C
- Transfused within 24 hours
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Stores: -18°C for 1 year
Cryoprecipitate
Stored: -18°C
Plasma and Liquid Plasma
2 methods:
- Intermittent: 1 Vein
- Continuous: 2 Veins
Anticoagulant: Heparin
Advantages:
- Large volume of blood
- Removal of unwanted substances
APHERESIS
Collection of platelets by apheresis while returning
the RBCs, WBCs, and component plasma
PLATELET APHERESIS
Removal of PMNs, basophils, eosinophils for
transfusion into patients whole PMNs are
ineffective or where traditional therapy has failed
LEUKAPHERESIS
Collection of blood plasma by apheresis while
returning the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet
PLASMAPHERESIS
