CHEM: CHROMA Flashcards by Zelene Ignacio

• Is a technique used to separate and identify the
components of a mixture.

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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• Works by allowing the molecules present in the
mixture to distribute themselves between a
stationary and a mobile medium.
• Molecules that spend most of their time in the
mobile phase are carried along faster.

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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is a laboratory technique that
separates components within a mixture by using
the differential affinities of the components for a
mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing
medium through which they pass

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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showing a difference, distinctive

Differential

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natural attraction or force between things

Affinity

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gas or liquid that carries the components (mobile phase)

Mobile Medium

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the part of the apparatus that does not move with the sample (stationary phase)

Stationary Medium

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examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another

Analyze

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determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components

Identify

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separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study

purify

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determine the amount of the a mixture and/or the components present in the sample

Quantify

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can also be used to separate the colored pigments in plants

Chromatography

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(t or f)

We can determine the RF (or retardation factor) by
measuring the distance the pigments traveled up
the strip and the distance the water traveled

true

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For substances that are very soluble in the liquid Rf
will be close to

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For substances that are rather insoluble in the liquid
Rf will be close to

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• Separates dried liquid samples with a liquid solvent
(mobile phase) and a paper strip (stationary phase)

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

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the movement of liquid within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension.

Capillary Action

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the degree to which a material (solute)
dissolves into a solvent. Solutes dissolve into
solvents that have similar properties.

Solubility

(t of f)

Separation of components depends on both their
solubility in the mobile phase and their differential
affinity to the mobile phase and the stationary
phase.

true

uses an absorbent material on flat glass or plastic
plates.

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

It is used to detect pesticide or insecticide residues
in food.

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

is also used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers.

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

(t or f)

Most samples are not colored and need to be visualized with a UV lamp.

true

is used in airports to detect bombs and is used in
forensics in many different ways.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

It is used to analyze fibers on a persons body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

is used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material

Helium

, called the Mobile Phase,

gas mixture

usually tightly packed into a copper tube called the Column… - which separates the gas stream into its particular components based on how “quickly” they move through the stationary phase.

Stationary Phase

generates an electrical signal which is sent to a Recorder

Detector

to record the signal.

Recorder

A sample mixture is passed through a column packed with solid particles which may or may not be coated with another liquid.

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

With the proper solvents, packing conditions, some components in the sample will travel the column more slowly than others resulting in the desired separation.

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

• is used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers. • is used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions.

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

uses liquids which may incorporate insoluble molecules.

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

(adsorption chromatography) a. Normal Phase LSC b. Reverse Phase LSC

Liquid/Solid Chromatography

(partition chromatography) a. Normal Phase LLC b. Reverse Phase LLC

Liquid/Liquid Chromatography

(exclusion chromatography)

Gel Permeation Chromatography

The stationary solid surface is coated with a 2nd liquid (the Stationary Phase) which is immiscible in the solvent (Mobile) phase. Partitioning of the sample between 2 phases delays or retains some components more than others to effect separation.

LIQUID-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

separation of ____________ is based on the competition of different ionic compounds of the sample for the active sites on the ion-exchange resin (column-packing).

Ion-exchange Chromatography

is a mechanical sorting of molecules based on the size of the molecules in solution.

Gel-Permeation Chromatography

is a form of column chromatography used frequently in biochemistry and analytical chemistry to separate, identify, and quantify compounds.

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

utilizes a column that holds chromatographic packing material (stationary phase), a pump that moves the mobile phase(s) through the column, and a detector that shows the retention times of the molecules.

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

uses a polar stationary phase and a non-polar mobile phase, and works effectively for relatively polar analytes

Normal Phase Chromatograaphy

has a non-polar stationary phase and an aqueous, moderately polar mobile phase

Reversed Phase Chromatography