CPHM: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION Flashcards
The major nutrients include:
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
protein, carbohydrates, fats
Macronutrients
vitamins and minerals
Micronutrients
● These are foods that make the body grow. These are foods rich in protein, iodine, iron and
vitamin B.
Body-building foods
● These are foods that give us energy we need in doing everyday task. Food that is rich in
carbohydrates and fats (e.g. potato, bread, butter, corn, cassava, coconut milk)
Energy-giving foods
● These are foods that keep all or organs working and in good condition, help in fighting common illnesses. These foods are rich in vitamins and minerals (e.g. green leafy vegetables, fruits)
Body-regulating foods
● Main source of energy for man
● There are three major types of dietary
carbohydrates: starch, sugar and fiber
CARBOHYDRATES
● It modulate the production of insulin and other hormones as well as synthesis of lipoproteins and cholesterol
● Dietary fiber provides bulk resulting in the modulation of peristalsis movement and the prevention of constipation
CARBOHYDRATES
Dietary fibers can be classified as:
Soluble and Insoluble
dissolves in water to form as gel within the digestive tract and serves to slow the rate at which food passes through small intestine. Found in beans, legumes and some fruits like apple and some grains like oats and barley.
Soluble
it has lowering effects because it increases production of short-chain fatty acids by fermentation in the large intestine. This fiber
increases bulk in the GI tract and promotes GI motility, hastening movement of gut contents. Found in vegetables and whole wheat grain.
Insoluble
● Essential for growth and repair of body
tissues since they constitute the major part of the body’s building blocks
● Vital in the regulation of body processes
● The source are fish, poultry, meat, eggs,
dried beans
PROTEIN
● When dietary protein is deficient, there is a failure of growth and development in infants and children or loss of body tissues in adult
● Protein energy malnutrition lead to
Kwashiorkor and marasmus
PROTEIN
● When dietary protein is deficient, there is a failure of growth and development in infants and children or loss of body tissues in adult
● Protein energy malnutrition lead to
Kwashiorkor and marasmus
FATS
● Provides essential fatty acid
● Also helps absorb and store fat-soluble vitamins
FATS
● Organic compounds essential in the diet
for normal growth and maintenance of
life
● They are active in the regulation and
metabolism and transformation of energy
VITAMINS
● Some vitamins are concerned with intracellular respiration, providing chemical groupings essential for intracellular oxidations and reductions.
VITAMINS
Trace Minerals
regulates physical and mental development
and metabolic rate
Iodine-
- essential in the formation of blood, prevents
anemia
Iron
Trace Minerals
essential for normal growth and development
of immunity
zinc
Trace Minerals
necessary for absorption and the use of iron in the formation of hemoglobin
Copper
Trace Minerals
- involves in the formation of bones and teeth
Fluoride
Trace Minerals
work with insulin and is required for release of energy from glucose.
Chromium
● The desirable contribution total energy
intake should range from:
● 55-70% carbohydrates
● 20-30% fats
● 10-15% proteins
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
The nutrient intake of an individual should
meet the ______________________________. _____are level of daily intake of energy
and essential nutrients considered adequate
to maintain health and promote reasonable
levels of reserves in the body tissues of
practically all healthy persons.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
• The recommended about depends on one’s
body size, age, sex, physiological state and
level of physical activity.
