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MIDTERMS & FINALS > MLSP: HISTOPATHOLOGY SECTION > Flashcards

MLSP: HISTOPATHOLOGY SECTION Flashcards

1
Q

involves different procedures that have been adopted for the preparation of materials and tissue for microscopic examination

A

Histopathologic Techniques

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2
Q

12 steps in Histopathologic Techniques:

A
  • Numbering
  • Fixation
  • Dehydration
  • Clearing
  • Wax impregnation
  • Embedding
  • Blocking
  • Trimming
  • Sectioning
  • Staining
  • Mounting
  • Labelling
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3
Q

(t or f)

o There is a 13th step which is decalcification (done or placed in between fixation and dehydration; for
bones including teeth)
o All in all, it will take 24-48 hours to do

A

true

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4
Q

• Validates if the specimen is adequate or good for
tissue processing
• 1st person that will receive the specimen and put it
into the container

A

RECEPTIONIST

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5
Q
  • Proportional to the size of the specimen [larger
    than the organ; the organ or specimen should
    be fully submerged]
A

Container: contain fixatives

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6
Q

(t or f)
Container: contain fixatives

o If the specimen is the lungs, wrap it in gauze pads to ensure that the air inside of it wouldn’t let the organ float, hindering it to submerged fully to the
fixative agent

A

true

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7
Q

Container: contain fixatives

[to see the organ]

A

clear

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8
Q

Container: contain fixatives

[no leaking]

A

Unbreakable

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9
Q

Container: contain fixatives

[easy access]

A

Wide mouthed bottle

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10
Q

(t or f)

• The receptionist must not accept specimens that
are only placed in plastic
• Medical Technologists assist pathologists in
autopsies.

A

true

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11
Q

(t or f)

  • Portion of the specimen will be placed in tissue
    cassettes and the rest of the organ will be
    contained
    o Its shelf life is 1 year or so depending on
    the policy of the hospital
A

true

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12
Q

• Specimen Source:

A
  • Bilateral organs
    o Examples: Extremities, kidneys, lungs
    and ovaries)
  • Miscellaneous
    o Examples: age, sex, ward
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13
Q

• Basic information needed:
1. Date and time
2. Name of the patient
3. Specimen Number
- C- Cytology specimen
- A- Anatomical specimen
- S- Surgical specimen
o Example: S-09-2111

A

NUMBERING

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14
Q

Most critical step in histopathological techniques
- If you mess this step, you will mess up everything

A

FIXATION

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15
Q

FIXATION

preserve the morphology and chemical constituents of the tissue [tissue should be alive as possible]

A

Primary aim

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16
Q

FIXATION

protect and harden the specimen for further handling

A

Secondary aim

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17
Q

TYPES OF FIXATIVES

ACCORDING TO ACTIONS

A

Microanatomic Fixative
Cytological Fixative
Histochemical Fixative

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18
Q

TYPES OF FIXATIVES

ACCORDING TO COMPOSITION

A

Simple Fixative
Compound Fixative

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19
Q

Involves small tissue or organ
- 10% Formol Saline
- 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin [tinitimpla]

A

Microanatomic Fixative

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20
Q

Involves body fluid or secretion
- Nuclear fixatives: Flemming’s Fluid, Bouin’s Fluid,
Heidehain’s Susa
- Cytopplasmic Fixatives: Kelly’s Fluid, Orth’s Fluid

A

Cytological Fixative

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21
Q

Involves tissue containing labile substances
- 10% Fomol Saline
- Absolute Ethyl Alcohol
- Acetone

A

Histochemical Fixative

22
Q

Uses only on chemical for
fixation
- Aldehydes: Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde
- Metallic Fixative: Mercuric Chloride, Chromate Fixatives, Lead Fixatives

A

Simple Fixative

23
Q

The use of two or more chemicals for fixation

A

Compound Fixative

24
Q

• Utilizing chemical known as

A

dehydrating agents

25
Q

• Removing of intracellular and extracellular water
and fixatives in the tissue

A

DEHYDRATION

26
Q

DEHYDRATION
examples:

A

-Alcohol
- Acetone
- Dioxane
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

27
Q

• Removing of dehydrating agents
• Xylene – most commonly used [organic solvents]

A

CLEARNING

28
Q

Also known as INFILTRATION OR WAX IMPREGNATION

A

IMPREGNATION

29
Q

• The process whereby the clearing agent is
completely removed from the tissue and replace by
a medium that will completely fill all the tissue
cavities.

A

IMPREGNATION

30
Q

the simplest, most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing
- Surface area of the tissue is larger; clearing
agent is removed; specimen is further hardene

A

PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION

31
Q

Also known as CASTING OR BLOCKING

A

EMBEDDING

32
Q

• The process by which the impregnated tissue is
placed into a precisely arrange position in a mold
containing medium which is then allowed to solidify
o Larger surface area of wax or tissue block;
larger piece to hold

A

EMBEDDING

33
Q

• FOUR TYPES OF TISSUE IMPREGNATION:

A
  • Parrafin wax
  • Celloidin
  • Gelatin
  • Plastic
34
Q

• Allows the medium to solidify to produce tissue
block [inaayos yung shape]

A

BLOCKING

35
Q

• Process of removing excess wax after embedding
• Can use knife/blade or heated spatula

A

TRIMMING

36
Q

• Also known as CUTTING OR MICROTOMY
• The process by which processed tissue is cut into
uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under
microscope
o Making tissue ribbons [very thin segments
of wax and tissue]

A

SECTIONING

37
Q

machine or instrument used for
cutting sections of tissue
- Blade and holder
- Thin slices; cannot do manually
- In this step, you will see the flaws and mistakes
you’ve made throughout the process

A

MICROTOME

38
Q

KINDS OF MICROTOME

  • Simplest and oldest type of microtome
A

Rocking Microtome

39
Q

KINDS OF MICROTOME
- for cutting serial sections of tissue specimen
[common]

A

Rotary Microtome

40
Q

KINDS OF MICROTOME

  • Most dangerous type of microtome
A

Sliding Microtome

41
Q

KINDS OF MICROTOME

  • For urgent surgical biopsies specimen
A

Freezing Microtome

42
Q

KINDS OF MICROTOME

  • Permits rapid penetration of tissue biopsies for
    surgical pathology
  • Also known as COLD MICROTOME
A

Rotary Microtome

43
Q

KINDS OF MICROTOME

  • Specimen for electron microscope
A

Ultrathin Microtome

44
Q

• Tissue constituent are demonstrated in sections by
direct interaction with dye or staining solution
producing coloration of the active tissue
component

A

STAINING

45
Q
  • Utilizes micro-anatomical studies of tissue
  • It is a regressive staining method
  • Haematoxylin is used to stain nuclear
    components
  • Eosin is used for cytoplasmic components
  • Can be used as a pair
A

HAEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING

46
Q

the solution in which the specimen is embedded, generally under a cover glass.
o Adhesive agent to protect the specimen

A

MOUNTING MEDIUM

47
Q

• It may be liquid, gum or resinous, soluble in water,
alcohol or other solvents and be sealed from the
external atmosphere by non- soluble ringing media
o Sealed to ensure that no dust or insect can
pass through the slide
o Indefinite shelf life

A

MOUNTING

48
Q

• Date and time
• Name of the patient
• Specimen Number
- C- Cytology specimen
- A- Anatomical specimen
- S- Surgical specimen
o Example: S-09-2111

A

LABELLING

49
Q

SPECIMENS FOR EXAMINATION

• Performed regularly even in pregnant women
without undue risk
• EXAMPLE: Vaginal smear

A

GYNECOLOGICAL SPECIMEN

50
Q

SPECIMENS FOR EXAMINATION

• EXAMPLE: Respiratory Tract specimens:
- Sputum
- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

A

NON-GYNECOLOGICAL SPECIMEN

51
Q

SPECIMENS FOR EXAMINATION

• Determine the presence of urethral cancer
- Pattern called “ferning”

A

URINE

MIDTERMS & FINALS (39 decks)

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