CPHM: Health Promotion and Education Flashcards
“a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity”
-WHO 1948
Health
“Process of enabling people to increase control over the determinant of health and thereby
improve their health.”
- WHO, 1998
Health
“realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is … a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities”
- Ottawa Charter Change for Health Promotion, 1986
Health
3 types of health
Mental, physical, social
are specific forms of behaviour that have been shown, usually through epidemiological research, to be associated with increased susceptibility to a specific disease or ill-health.
Risk behaviour or risk factors
are aspects external to the individual (social, economic, environmental)
that are associated with increased susceptibility to disease or ill-health.
Risk conditions
Population Risk Continuum for Addressing Health Issues
targets the entire community. Although the activities may help prevent disease or reduce risk, their main focus is to develop or enhance health rather than to reduce or prevent illness.
Health enhancement
Population Risk Continuum for Addressing Health Issues
targets those who are at low risk and who have not yet developed the health problems associated with the risk. The aim is to maintain good health by supporting people at low risk levels.
Risk avoidance
Population Risk Continuum for Addressing Health Issues
targets people who are at moderate levels of risk for health problems. It helps people in these higher risk categories (because of environmental conditions or risk behaviour) who have not yet developed the health problems associated with the risk, to reduce their risk.
Risk reduction
Population Risk Continuum for Addressing Health Issues
targets persons who are experiencing health problems soon after the problem occurs. The intervention is usually brief and attempts to restore the person to a state of good health or lower risk.
Early intervention
Population Risk Continuum for Addressing Health Issues
targets persons experiencing overt illness. Treatment components are intended to prevent further deterioration and to stabilize the individual; rehabilitation components are intended to restore health and independent functioning to the extent possible. A well known three level continuum of prevention used in public health is as follows
Treatment/rehabilitation
The target population is large, and it is not possible to say with certainty who will develop the problem of concern.
Programmes focus on improving everyone’s interest in and capacity to maximize their own health and on environmental factors that enhance or impede health._________________ decreases the number of new cases of a disorder, illness and premature death (reduces incidence).
Primary prevention
The target population is more narrowly defined as some identifiable subgroup known to be likely to develop a problem. Programmes focus on characterizing these at-risk subgroups and developing early detection and intervention methods. Again, programmes attend to both individual and environmental issues. ________________ reduces incidence as well as the rate of established cases in the community (reduces prevalence).
Secondary prevention
Members of the target group are demonstrating clear pathology and require immediate intervention.
Programmes focus on specific therapeutic interventions,
→
factors that affect treatment uptake and outcome and risks to the general population posed by the pathology or offending agents).
Tertiary prevention
Preventing the initial development of a disease
ex: Immunization, reducing exposure to a risk factor
Primary prevention
