CPHM: CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH | UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE

Question 1

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort

Answer 1

Public Health

Question 2

An organized community effort to address the public interest in health by applying scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health

Answer 2

Public Health

Question 3

“The future of public health”

Answer 3

Institute of Medicine, 1988

Question 4

ensure conditions that promote the health of the community

Answer 4

Mission of PH

Question 5

Preventing the initial development of a disease

Examples: Immunization, reducing exposure to a risk factor

Answer 5

Primary prevention

Question 6

Early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications

example: Screening for cancer

Answer 6

Secondary prevention

Question 7

Reducing the impact of the disease

examples: Rehabilitation for stroke

Answer 7

Tertiary prevention

Question 8

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Hospital wards, special clinic units in hospital

Community Health: Outside of hospital - home, school, RHU, place of work

Answer 8

Setting/place of practice and activities

Question 9

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Mostly sick people; maybe limited to one group of patients

Community Health: Varied patients, representing total heath spectrum

Answer 9

Types of patients seen

Question 10

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Mostly curative and rehabilitative

Community Health: Total care, whole range of services

Answer 10

Source of concern/range of services provided

Question 11

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Comfort and care during illness, recovery from disease

Community Health: Promotion and maintenance of health; prevention of disease

Answer 11

Priority concern

Question 12

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Individual patient
Community Health: The family, population groups, whole community

Answer 12

Unit or focus of care

Question 13

Area of Difference

Clinical/Hospital Health: Maximum comfort, patient independence (self care), recovery
from disease, peaceful/dignified death for terminal cases

Community Health: Effective coping and self-reliance for families and the whole community

Answer 13

Ultimate goal

Question 14

Determinants of Health

Answer 14

Education Access and Quality
Health Care and Quality
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Social and Community Context
Economic Stability

Question 15

year when WHO members, International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan,

Answer 15

1977

Question 16

20th Word Health Assembly

Answer 16

Resolution

Question 17

t or f

“ the main social targets of governments and WHO in the coming decades should be the attainment by all citizens of the world by year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life”

Answer 17

true

Question 18

“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community or the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self determination”

Answer 18

Alma Ata Declaration of 1978

Question 19

formspartof a country’s health care system
— Overall socioeconomic development of a community

Answer 19

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Question 20

First level of contact with the national health system

Answer 20

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Question 21

health care as close as possible to where people live and work

Answer 21

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Question 22

Four Pillars in Primary Health Care

Answer 22

1.Community participation
2.Inter-sectoral coordination
3.Appropriate technology
4.Support mechanism made available

Question 23

is planned process whereby local groups are
clarifying and expressing their own needs and objectives and taking collective action to meet them.”

Answer 23

Community Participation

Question 24

(t or f)
True participation means the involvement of the people concerned in:
Analysis decision-making planning,
program implementation, and
in all the activities, from search and rescue to reconstruction, that people affected by disasters undertake spontaneously without the involvement of external agencies.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

"in a given community as many people as possible determine a common aim and work together, pooling their resources to achieve it. a process whereby social groups are supported to crystallise their needs and are assisted to translate them into action". "a committed, community-driven initiative, which leads to a common goal identified by that community and broader empowerment of that community".

Answer 25

Community Participation

Question 26

Relationships and interactions between • Tasks • Functions • Departments and • Organizations

Answer 26

Multi-sectoral Linkages

Question 27

promote flow of information, ideas and integration in achievement of shared objectives

Answer 27

Multi-sectoral Linkages

Question 28

practical, scientifically sound and Appropriate Health Technology socially acceptable methods and technology

Answer 28

Appropriate Technology

Question 29

practical, effective and socially acceptable technologies that are accessible, affordable by community and national health systems, encourage self-reliance, and result from participatory processes.

Answer 29

Appropriate Technology

Question 30

Methods, Procedures, Techniques and Equipment that are: Scientifically valid Adapted to local needs • Acceptable to users and recipients • Maintainable with local resources

Answer 30

Appropriate Health Technology

Question 31

- Training and HR development - Health education and promotion - Supervision and guidance - Monitoring and evaluation - Logistics/financial support - Restructuring of infrastructure and organization

Answer 31

Support Systems

Question 32

(t or f) There are eight (8) elements of Primary Health Care. • These 8 elements are also known as 'essential health care'. They are: E- Education L- Locally E- essential M- Maternal E- expanded N- nutrition T- treatment S- sanitation

Answer 32

true

Question 33

rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units; puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics, clinics operated by large industrial firms, community hospitals, health centers and other health facilities

Answer 33

Primary Health Care Facilities

Question 34

non-departmentalized hospitals including emergency and regional hospitals

Answer 34

Secondary Health Care Facilities

Question 35

medical centers and large hospitals

Answer 35

Tertiary Health Care Facilities

Question 36

Levels of Primary Health Care Workers

Answer 36

Village of Grassroot Health Workers Intermediate Level Health Workers First Line Hospital Personnel

Question 37

first contacts curative and preventive • Community health worker, volunteers or traditional birth attendants

Answer 37

Village of Grassroot Health Workers

Question 38

• First source; provide support • Attends to health problems • Medical practitioners, nurses, midwives

Answer 38

Intermediate Level Health Workers

Question 39

• Establish close contact; back up health services • Physician with specialty, nurses, dentists, pharmacists and other health professionals

Answer 39

First Line Hospital Personnel

Question 40

Levels of Health Care and Referral System (triangle down-up)

Answer 40

-Barangay Health Stations -Rural Health Unit Community Hospitals and Health Centers Private Practioners / Centers -Emergency/District Hospitals -Provincial/City Health Services Provincial/City Hospitals —Regional Health Services Regional Medical Centers And Training Hospitals —National Health Services Medical Centers Teaching and Training Hospitals

Question 41

Universal Health Care There major dimensions of coverage:

Answer 41

1. Population coverage 2. Service coverage 3. Financial Coverage

Question 42

All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)

Answer 42

Population coverage

Question 43

Health care packages (population-based / individual based)

Answer 43

Service coverage

Question 44

Types and Composition of Health Care Provider Networks

Answer 44

A. Basedonnetworkownership 1. Public–Provide-wideorCity-wide Health System 2. Private 3. Mix

Question 45

National Health Insurance Program Members with capacity to pay premiums, or those gainfully employed or self-earning professionals or workers

Answer 45

Direct contributors

Question 46

National Health Insurance Program Those whose PhilHealth premiums are subsidized by the government

Answer 46

Indirect contributors

Question 47

Health Regulation and Funding • Safety and quality of health facilities and services • Affordability of health services, pharmaceuticals and medical devices • Equity in the development of health facilities and provision of health benefits

Answer 47

Key Areas of Health Regulation under the UHC Act

Question 48

Health Regulation and Funding • Total incremental sin tax collections • 50% of the National Government share from PAGCOR • 40% of the Charity Fund, net of Documentary Stamp Tax payments and mandatory contributions of PCSO • Premium contributions of members • Annual appropriations of the DOH • National Government subsidy to Philhealth • Supplemental funding

Answer 48

Sources of Funding for Universal Health Care

Question 49

Health Regulation and Funding • Revenue Generation Raising and collecting resources to pay for health services • Pooling of Funds Redistributing risk and resources across population groups • Purchasing of Services Leveraging resources towards high-value services and desired provider performance

Answer 49

Health Financing Functions

Question 50

(t or f) Regardless of type, HCPNs are composed of (1) primary care provider networks (PCPNs) that serve as the initial point of contact and navigator of patients; (2) and hospitals that deliver secondary and tertiary general health care services.

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Primary Care Policy Framework

Answer 51

A. PrimaryHealthCareApproach B. PeopleCenteredApproach C. EquityandFairness

Question 52

(t or f) Delivering Population-based and Individual-based Health Services A. Individual-based Health Services 1.OutpatientBenefitPackagesandotherSpecialBenefits 2.PrimaryCareBenefitPackage(KonsultaPackage) 3. InpatientBenefitPackages 4. ZBenefitPackages

Answer 52

true

Question 53

(t or f) Delivering Population-based and Individual-based Health Services. B. Population-base Health Services 1. HealthPromotion 2. EpidemiologyandDiseaseSurveillance 3. DisasterRiskReductionandManagementinHealth

Answer 53

true

Question 54

Human Resources for Health POPULATION-BASED PRIMARY CARE