Mixed 6 Flashcards
What function does kinesin have in microtubule transport?
Kinesin is a motor protein that facilitates ANTEROGRADE transport of organelles and secretory vesicles down axons to synaptic terminals, bringing the vesicles toward the “plus” ends of microtubules.
What receptor do cytotoxic T cells have, to which tumor cells have a ligand that can bind to inhibit the T cell?
The Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) on Tc cells can bind to its ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells. This down-regulates the immune response against tumor cells by inhibiting Tc cells.
If a patient has Eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of an L-R shunt), what must be done in order to prevent permanency of the syndrome?
Eisenmenger syndrome is a late-onset reversal of a L-R shunt (ASD, VSD, PDA) due to pulmo vascular sclerosis resulting from chronic pulmo arterial HTN. Closure of the defect may be needed to prevent irreversible vascular sclerosis and permanent Eisenmenger syndrome.
What SEs do TCAs have, and in which patients are they contraindicated in?
TCAs can be used for insomnia or as an adjunct pain management if other meds fail. TCAs have strong anticholinergic properties that can cause confusion, constipation, and acute urinary retention. As such, they’re contraindicated in elderly patients w/ dementia or BPH.
How is peripheral neuropathy a complication of Isoniazid?
Isoniazid is structurally similar to vit B6. It competes for B6-binding sites, thus inc. urinary excretion of B6 and leading to defective synthesis of neurotransmitters like GABA. This clinically manifests as peripheral neuropathy and can be prevented with B6 supplement.
What is the two sample t-test used for?
It’s a statistical method that compares the MEANS of 2 groups of subjects. The t-statistic is calculate, and from there the p-value is determined for statistical significance.
What is Restless Leg Syndrome? Tx?
An irresistible urge to move legs, usually with uncomfortable sensations in legs that’s hard to describe. SSx are worse at night and exacerbated by rest or sleep.
>Tx: Dopamine agonists (ropinirole, pramipexole).
In PKU, there are inc. phenylalanine levels and dec. levels of the downstream neurotransmitters (dopamine, NE, Epi). The Phe levels can be corrected w/ diet, but if the neurotransmitter levels remain low (and maybe if the pt shows prolactinemia), what can be determined as the cause of this PKU?
About 2% of PKU cases are due to impaired BH4 levels caused by dihydrobiopterin reductase deficiency. BH4 is needed for both phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase. Deficient neurotransmitters can lead to neuro deterioration. Also, dopamine normally inhibits prolactin release, so dec. BH4 causes dec. dopamine and thus prolactinemia.
