Mixed 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the virulence factor for G (-) organisms in causing sepsis?

A

Lipid A is the toxic component of LPS that activates macrophages to cause widespread release of IL-1 and TNF-alpha, w/c elicit the ssx of septic shock: fever, hypotension, diarrhea, oliguria, vascular compromise, and DIC.

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2
Q

What are the lymphatic tracks that drain the lower extremities?

A

> The medial track runs up to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, bypassing the popliteal nodes.
The lateral track runs through both the popliteal and inguinal nodes.
*If a pt has a medial foot ulceration, they would present with inguinal lymphadenopathy only.

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3
Q

A patient with a history of HTN is presenting with lower extremity intermittent claudication. What drug would you prescribe?

A

Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that allows inc. cAMP in platelets, preventing platelet aggregation. It’s also a direct arteriolar vasodilator. A pt with Peripheral artery disease should receive an antiplatelet agent (like aspirin)to prevent corony heart dse and stroke, but cilostazol (and dipyridamol) can relieve intermittent claudication.

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4
Q

What cancer does Barrett esophagus predispose to?

A

Barrett esophagus is an intestinal-type columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus. It is assctd with the inc. risk of adenoCA.

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