Microbio 6

Question 1

How should one approach treatment for coagulase-negative streptococcal infection?

Answer 1

Most CoNS strains are methicillin-resistant, so Vancomycin should be part of initial therapy. If the strain is later tested to be methicillin-susceptible, vancomycin can be switched to Nafcillin or Oxacillin.

Question 2

What is the progression of ssx for Scarlet fever?

Answer 2

Scarlet fever is most commonly assctd w/ strep pharyngitis. Initial ssx are nonspecific and begin w/ swollen, erythematous pharynx and possibly strawberry tongue. After 1-2 days, a “sandpaper-like” rash appears. At the end of the first week, desquamation begins.

Question 3

What conditions are patients who have had Scarlet fever predisposed to?

Answer 3

Rheumatic fever

Glomerulonephritis

Question 4

What pelvic infections may predispose a patient to infertility or ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 4

PID due to N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis commonly involves the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and sometimes the peritoneal cavity.

Question 5

What is the major virulence factor for S. pyogenes? What does it do?

Answer 5

M protein
>antiphactocytic, inhibits complement activation, mediates bacterial adherence.
>This is the target of type-specific humoral immunity (antibodies).

Question 6

What is the most common eye-related problem of infants exposed to CMV in utero?

Answer 6

Chorioretinitis

>Other complications: sensorineural deafness, seizures, microcephaly, jaundice, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly.

Question 7

What is the presentation for Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

Answer 7

Sensorineural deafness
Cataracts
Cardiac malformations (PDA)

Question 8

What does the treatment for Plasmodium infection include?

Answer 8

> Chloroquine (DOC)
Mefloquine (chloroquine-resistant)
Primaquine needed to kill P. vivax/ovale hypnozoites.