Mixed 15 Flashcards
HPV has a tropism for what type of epithelium? Examples?
HPV infects stratified squamous epithelium like that found in the cervix, vagina, anus, and true vocal cords.
What is the pathophysiology of Gigantism?
A hypersecretion of GH stimulates hepatic GH receptors and induces secretion of IGF-1, w/c binds to receptors throughout the body to stimulate growth and proliferation of bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and other soft tissues. This is a childhood dse that occurs before epiphyseal growth plates close.
What properties of a drug would give it a high volume of distribution? Low volume of distribution?
> High: small molecular weight, uncharged (hydrophobic, lipophilic).
Low: large molecular weight, bound to plasma proteins, highly charged (hydrophilic).
What are the ophthalmoscopy findings for hypertensive retinopathy?
> Thickening of arteriolar walls (“copper wiring”).
Compression of associated veins (AV nicking).
White foci of retinal ischemi (cotton_wool spots).
What causes retinal artyer occlusion?
Thromboembolic complications of atherosclerosis travelling from the internal carotid, through the ophthalmic artery and to the retinal artery. This causes acute, painless, monocular vision loss.
What is the treatment for von Willebrand disease?
IV Desmopressin is used, in this case, to increase vWF release from endothelial cells.
*vWF stabilizes factor VIII and augment platelet binding during clot formation.
What is the main treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia?
APL has a mutated retinoic acid receptor alpha that can’t signal for the differntiation of myeloid precursors at physiologic doses. All-trans retinoic acid can overcome this and stimulate maturation, incuding remission in most patients.
What does the presentation of T-cell ALL vs. B-cell ALL?
> T-cell: Anterior mediastinal mass that can compress surrounding structures, causing SVC syndrome, dysphagia, dyspnea and stridor.
B-cell: fever, malaise, bleeding, bone pain, hepatosplenomegaly.
