Mixed 13 Flashcards
What is the MOA of Thiazolidinediones?
They bind to PPAR-gamma, a transcription regulator, to upregulate GLUT4 and adiponectin in order to decrease insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
What is the presentation of Cannabis (marijuana) toxicity? For how long can it be detected in the urine?
> mild euphoria w/ inappropriate laughter, sedtion, impaired motor coordination, distorted sensory perceptions.
Conjunctival injection, inc. appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia.
*Can be detected in urine up to 30 days after daily use has ceased (redistributes to lipophilic tissues)
You have a Hyperthyroid patient being treated w/ antithyroid drugs, who comes in w/ sudden onset of sore throat and fever. What should you suspect? What test should you give to diagnose?
Agranulocytosis is a rare complication of antithyroid drugs (Methimazole, Propylthiouracil). If these pts present w/ sore throat and fever, discontinue the drug immediately and do a WBC count with differential to confirm dx.
What are the ssx of a acute, chronic, and teratogenic Vit A toxicity?
> Acute: N/V, vertigo, blurred vision.
Chronic: alopecia, dry skin, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperlipidemia, visual difficulties.
Terato: microcephaly, cardiac anomalies, fetal death.
*Pseudotumor cerebri: papilledema suggests cerebral edema in setting of benign intracranial HTN.
For a patient w/ recurrent C. difficile infection, what antibiotic may be used and what does it do?
Fidaxomicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase, impairing protein synthesis. It’s bacterocidal and is used primarily for recurrent CDI.
How does Acute mitral regurgitation affect the determinants of stroke volume (preload, afterload, EF, EDV)?
> inc. preload – regurgitated blood added to normal VR.
dec. afterload – regurgitated blood leaves even less blood in LV after contraction.
inc. EF
dec. SV, dec. SO – hypotension.
