Mixed 11 Flashcards
What effect do incretins (GLP-1, GIP) have on blood glucose levels?
Incretins are produced by the gut mucosa and stimulate insulin secretion in response to sugar-containing meals. This response is independent of blood glucose levels, responding only to oral glucose. Therefore, the rise in insulin following IV glucose admin won’t be as marked.
What’s the difference b/w a partial mole vs. complete mole?
> Partial: no fetal heart activity, Triploid karyotype, fetal tissue, some normal villi w/ edematous villi.
Complete: disproportionately large uterus, “snowstorm” pattern, diploid karyotype, no fetal tissue, edematous villi only.
What is the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Immune-mediated demyelination of peripheral nerves, strongly associated w/ C. jejuni. Segmental demyelination and endoneural inflammation are seen on LM. It presents w/ ascending muscle weakness and areflexia.
How can Mastocytosis present w/ gastric ulceration or diarrhea?
The excess histamine release can induce gastric acid secretion, w/c can lead to gastric ulcers. The excess acid also inactivates pancreatic and intestinal enzymes, causing diarrhea.
How is myocardial function preserved in the presence of MI? What is coronary steal phenomenon?
Collateral microvessels go to the myocardium distal to an occluded coronary artery. In MI, coronary arterioles vasodilate in response to local mediators, and collateral flow is diverted to ischemic areas.
What is coronary steal phenomenon?
Coronary steal occurs when drugs like Adenosine and Dipyridamole are given to a patient w/ MI. They selectively vasodilate coronary arterioles even in nonischemic areas, so blood flow would be redistributed from ischemic areas, and the resulting hypoperfusion makes the MI worse.
