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MIDTERM Medical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the prefix ‘Aden/o’ mean?

A

gland

Example: adenoid = gland-like

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2
Q

What does ‘Adip/o’ refer to?

A

fat

Example: adipocyte = fat cell

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3
Q

Define ‘Angi/o’.

A

blood vessel

Example: angiogenesis = formation of blood vessels

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4
Q

What is the meaning of ‘Arthr/o’?

A

joint

Example: arthritis = inflammation of the joint

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5
Q

What does the suffix ‘-cyte’ refer to?

A

cell

Example: leukocyte = white blood cell

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6
Q

What does ‘Bi/o’ signify?

A

life

Example: biography = record of life

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7
Q

Define ‘Carcin/o’.

A

cancer

Example: carcinogen = cancer-producing agent

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8
Q

What does ‘Chondr/o’ refer to?

A

cartilage

Example: chondrocyte = cell of cartilage

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9
Q

What does ‘Cyt/o’ stand for?

A

cell

Example: lymphocyte = cell of lymph

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10
Q

What does ‘Derm/o, Dermat/o’ mean?

A

skin

Example: dermatitis = inflammation of skin

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11
Q

What is indicated by the prefix ‘Electr/o’?

A

electricity

Example: electrocardiogram = record of electricity of heart

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12
Q

What does ‘Gnos/o’ refer to?

A

knowledge

Example: prognosis = knowing ahead

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13
Q

Define ‘Gynec/o’.

A

woman

Example: gynecology = study of woman’s body

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14
Q

What does ‘Hem/o, Hemat/o’ signify?

A

blood

Example: hematoma = mass of blood

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15
Q

What does ‘Leuk/o’ refer to?

A

white or white blood cells

Example: leukemia = white blood

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16
Q

What does ‘My/o’ mean?

A

muscle

Example: myocardium = muscle of heart

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17
Q

What does ‘Myel/o’ refer to?

A

bone marrow

Example: myelitis = inflammation of bone marrow

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18
Q

What does ‘Neur/o’ signify?

A

nerve

Example: neurology = study of nervous system

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19
Q

Define ‘Onc/o’.

A

cancer

Example: oncology = study of cancer

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20
Q

What does ‘Os, oss, oste/o’ refer to?

A

bone

Example: osteoblast = germ cell of bone tissue

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21
Q

What does the prefix ‘Path/o’ mean?

A

disease

Example: pathology = study of disease

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22
Q

What does ‘Phleb/o’ signify?

A

vein

Example: phlebotomy = cutting into vein

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23
Q

What does ‘Psych/o’ refer to?

A

mind

Example: psychiatry = treatment of mind

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24
Q

What does ‘Sarc/o’ mean?

A

flesh, muscle

Example: sarcoma = mass of tissue

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25
What does 'Spondyl/o' signify?
vertebrae, spine ## Footnote Example: spondylomyelitis = inflammation of spinal cord
26
What does 'Thromb/o' refer to?
blood clot ## Footnote Example: thrombogenesis = formation of blood clot
27
What does 'Thorac(x)/o' indicate?
chest ## Footnote Example: thoracic = related to chest
28
Define 'Esophag/o'.
esophagus ## Footnote Example: esophageal = pertaining to esophagus
29
What does 'Trach/o' refer to?
trachea, windpipe ## Footnote Example: tracheostomy = artificial opening created into the trachea
30
What does 'Cardi/o' signify?
heart ## Footnote Example: endocardial = within the heart
31
What does 'Bronch/o' mean?
bronchus ## Footnote Example: bronchitis = inflammation of bronchi
32
What does 'Pneum/o' refer to?
lung ## Footnote Example: pneumocotomy = incision into lung
33
Define 'Pleur/o'.
pleura, membrane surrounding the lung ## Footnote Example: pleural = pertaining to pleura
34
What does 'Lapar/o' signify?
abdomen, abdominal wall ## Footnote Example: laparoscopy = viewing abdominal cavity
35
What does 'Viscer/o' refer to?
internal organs ## Footnote Example: visceral = pertaining to internal organs
36
What does 'Gastr/o' mean?
stomach ## Footnote Example: gastrostomy = artificial opening into stomach
37
What does 'Enter/o' signify?
intestine, gut ## Footnote Example: enteral = pertaining to gut
38
What does 'Duoden/o' refer to?
proximal small intestine, duodenum ## Footnote Example: duodenal = pertaining to duodenum
39
What does 'Jejun/o' mean?
jejunum, middle small intestine ## Footnote Example: jejunostomy = artificial opening surgically created into jejunum
40
What does 'Ile/o' signify?
ileum, distal small intestine ## Footnote Example: ileocecal = between ileum and colon
41
What does 'Hepat/o' refer to?
liver ## Footnote Example: hepatomegaly = enlargement of liver
42
What does 'Cholecyst/o' mean?
gall bladder ## Footnote Example: cholecystitis = inflammation of gall bladder
43
Define 'Doch/o'.
duct, tube ## Footnote Example: choledochotomy = incision into common bile duct
44
What does 'Col/o' signify?
colon ## Footnote Example: colostomy = artificial opening into colon
45
What does 'Splen/o' refer to?
spleen ## Footnote Example: splenectomy = surgical removal of spleen
46
What does 'Pancrea' mean?
pancreas ## Footnote Example: pancreatitis = inflammation of pancreas
47
What does 'Ren/o' signify?
kidney ## Footnote Example: renal = pertaining to kidneys
48
What does 'Nephr/o' refer to?
kidney ## Footnote Example: nephritis = inflammation of kidney
49
What does 'Cyst/o' mean?
bladder ## Footnote Example: cystitis = inflammation of urinary bladder
50
What does 'Pyel/o' signify?
pelvis ## Footnote Example: pyelonephritis = inflammation of renal pelvis
51
What does 'Urethr/o' refer to?
urethra ## Footnote Example: urethrocele = prolapse of urethra into reproductive tract
52
What does 'Oophor/o' mean?
ovary ## Footnote Example: oophoroma = ovarian mass
53
Define 'Hyster/o'.
uterus ## Footnote Example: Hysterectomy = surgical removal of uterus
54
What does 'Salping/o' signify?
fallopian tube ## Footnote Example: sapingoophorectomy = surgical removal of fallopian tube with ovary
55
What does 'Proct/o' refer to?
anus, rectum ## Footnote Example: proctologist = physician specializing in large intestine
56
What does 'Sigmoid/o' mean?
sigmoid colon ## Footnote Example: sigmoidoscopy = visual examination of the sigmoid
57
What does 'Cephal/o, cep/o' signify?
head ## Footnote Example: cephalic = pertaining to head
58
Define 'Encephal/o'.
brain ## Footnote Example: encephalography = graphic record of brain activity
59
What does 'Cerebr/o' refer to?
brain/cerebrum ## Footnote Example: cerebral = pertaining to cerebrum
60
What does 'Crani/o' mean?
skull ## Footnote Example: intracranial = inside the skull
61
What does 'Ophthalm' signify?
eye ## Footnote Example: ophthalmic = pertaining to eye
62
What does 'Ot/o' refer to?
ear ## Footnote Example: otic = pertaining to ear
63
What does 'Nas/o' mean?
nose ## Footnote Example: nasal = pertaining to nose
64
What does 'Rhin/o' signify?
nose ## Footnote Example: rhinitis = inflammation of the nose
65
Define 'Bucc/o'.
mouth ## Footnote Example: buccal = pertaining to mouth
66
What does 'Stomat/o' refer to?
mouth ## Footnote Example: stomatitis = inflammation of the mouth
67
What does 'Gloss/o, glot-' signify?
tongue ## Footnote Example: hypoglossal = located below the tongue
68
What does 'Cervic/o' mean?
neck ## Footnote Example: cervical = pertaining to neck
69
What does 'Pharyng/o' refer to?
throat ## Footnote Example: pharyngeal = pertaining to throat
70
What does 'Laryng/o' signify?
voice box ## Footnote Example: laryngitis = inflammation of voice box
71
What does 'Trache/o' mean?
trachea, the windpipe ## Footnote Example: tracheostomy = surgical opening made into the trachea
72
What does the suffix '-ac' indicate?
pertaining to ## Footnote Example: Cardiac = pertaining to the Heart
73
What does the suffix '-al' refer to?
pertaining to ## Footnote Example: Bronchial = pertaining to Brinchus
74
What does the suffix '-algia' mean?
pain ## Footnote Example: Fibromyalgia = pain of muscle fibers
75
What does the suffix '-ectomy' signify?
excision, surgical removal ## Footnote Example: Gastrectomy = surgical removal of the stomach
76
What does '-emia' refer to?
blood condition (in the blood) ## Footnote Example: Hyperglycemia = high glucose in blood
77
What does '-globin' mean?
protein ## Footnote Example: Myoglobin = muscle protein
78
Define '-gram'.
record ## Footnote Example: Electroencephalogram = graphic record of brain’s electric impulses
79
What does the suffix '-ia' signify?
condition ## Footnote Example: leukopenia = condition of white blood cell deficiency
80
What does '-ic, -ical' mean?
pertaining to ## Footnote Example: Surgical – pertaining to surgery
81
What does '-ism' refer to?
condition ## Footnote Example: Gigantism = the condition of being a giant
82
What does '-itis' signify?
inflammation ## Footnote Example: Hepatitis = inflammation of the liver
83
What does '-logist' mean?
specialist ## Footnote Example: Endocrinologist = specialist in endocrine disorders
84
What does '-logy' refer to?
study, science ## Footnote Example: Biology = study of life
85
What does '-lysis' signify?
breakdown, separation ## Footnote Example: Glycolysis = the process of breaking up glucose
86
What does '-malacia' mean?
softening ## Footnote Example: osteomalacia = softening of the bone tissue
87
What does '-megaly' refer to?
enlargement ## Footnote Example: cardiomegaly = enlargement of the heart
88
Define '-oid'.
formed like, looking like… ## Footnote Example: Fibroid = formed like fibers
89
What does '-oma' signify?
tumor, mass, swelling ## Footnote Example: Lymphoma = a mass of lymphatic tissue
90
What does '-opsy' mean?
visual examination ## Footnote Example: Biopsy = visual examination of living tissue
91
What does '-osis' refer to?
condition or process ## Footnote Example: Arteriosclerosis = the condition of hardened artery
92
What does '-paresis' signify?
slow, difficult moving ## Footnote Example: Hemiparesis = difficulty moving half of the body
93
What does '-penia' mean?
deficiency ## Footnote Example: Leukopenia = deficiency of Leukocytes (white blood cells)
94
What does '-pnea' refer to?
breathing air ## Footnote Example: Tachypnea = fast breathing
95
What does '-poiesis' signify?
to produce, build ## Footnote Example: Erythropoiesis = production of erythrocytes (red blood cells)
96
What does '-rrhea' mean?
flowing ## Footnote Example: Rhinorrhea = runny nose
97
What does '-scope' refer to?
instrument for visual examination ## Footnote Example: Ophthalmoscope = instrument to visually examine the eye
98
What does '-scopy' signify?
the process of visually examining ## Footnote Example: Laparoscopy = visually examining abdominal wall
99
What does '-sis' refer to?
state, condition ## Footnote Example: Homeostasis = state of balance, being the same
100
What does '-stasis' mean?
controlling, stopping ## Footnote Example: Homeostasis = constant state
101
What does '-stomy' signify?
creating an artificial opening ## Footnote Example: Colostomy = artificial opening in colon
102
What does '-tomy' refer to?
the process of cutting into organ or tissue ## Footnote Example: Lobotomy – cutting into a lobe (of the brain)
103
What does '-trophy' mean?
development, nourishment ## Footnote Example: Atrophy = without development
104
What does the prefix 'A-, an-' indicate?
without ## Footnote Example: analgesic = agent that causes reduction in pain
105
What does 'Ana-' refer to?
up ## Footnote Example: anabolism = building up
106
What does 'Ante-' mean?
before, forward ## Footnote Example: ante cibum (ac) = before meal
107
What does the prefix 'Anti-' signify?
against, opposite ## Footnote Example: antiemetic = against vomiting
108
What does 'Aut-' refer to?
self ## Footnote Example: autoimmune = immune reaction against self, own tissues
109
What does 'Bi-' mean?
two, both, double ## Footnote Example: Bipolar = two opposites
110
What does 'Brachy-' signify?
short, arm ## Footnote Example: Brachial artery = artery of the arm
111
What does 'Brady-' mean?
slow ## Footnote Example: Bradycardia = slow heart rate
112
What does 'Cata-' refer to?
down ## Footnote Example: Catabolism = breakdown
113
What does 'Dis-' mean?
apart ## Footnote Example: Disconnect = pull apart
114
What does 'Dys-' signify?
difficult, painful ## Footnote Example: dysmenorrhea = painful menstruation
115
What does 'Endo-' indicate?
within ## Footnote Example: Endothelial = within tissue
116
What does 'Epi-' refer to?
upon, at, in addition to ## Footnote Example: Epigastric = above the stomach
117
What does 'Ex-' mean?
from, out of, without, away from, over ## Footnote Example: excision = cutting out
118
What does 'Hyper-' signify?
over, above, excessive ## Footnote Example: Hypertension = excessive tension
119
What does 'Hypo-' mean?
under, below, deficient ## Footnote Example: Hypocalcemia = low calcium in the blood
120
What does 'Iso-' refer to?
equal, alike, the same ## Footnote Example: Isometric = of the same length
121
What does 'Mal-' signify?
bad ## Footnote Example: Malnutrition = poor nutrition
122
What does 'Neo-' mean?
new ## Footnote Example: Neonatal = related to new-born
123
What does 'Para-' refer to?
beside, around, near, or a pair ## Footnote Example: Paranormal = not normal
124
What does 'Per-' mean?
through ## Footnote Example: Percutaneous = through the skin
125
What does 'Peri-' signify?
around, about ## Footnote Example: Pericardium = around the heart
126
What does 'Poly-' refer to?
many ## Footnote Example: Polycystic = multiple cysts
127
What does 'Pro-' mean?
before, forward ## Footnote Example: Prognosis - knowing ahead
128
What does 'Retro-' signify?
behind ## Footnote Example: retroperitoneal - behind the peritoneum
129
What does 'Sub-' mean?
under, below, beneath ## Footnote Example: Subdural = under Dura (Mater)
130
What does 'Sym-, Syn-' refer to?
together, with, along, beside ## Footnote Example: Symbiosis = process of living together
131
What does 'Tachy-' signify?
fast ## Footnote Example: tachypnea = fast breathing
132
What does 'Trans-' mean?
across, through ## Footnote Example: transdermal = through the skin
133
What does 'PO' stand for in medication administration?
per os ## Footnote Meaning: by mouth
134
What does 'NPO' mean?
nil per os ## Footnote Meaning: nothing by mouth
135
What does 'ac' refer to?
ante cibum ## Footnote Meaning: before meal
136
What does 'pc' signify?
post cibum ## Footnote Meaning: after meal
137
What does 'hs' mean?
hora somnei ## Footnote Meaning: before bed time
138
What does 'SL' stand for?
sublingual ## Footnote Meaning: under tongue
139
What does 'BU' refer to?
buccal ## Footnote Meaning: behind cheek
140
What does 'IV' mean?
intravenous ## Footnote Meaning: within a vein
141
What does 'SQ or SC' signify?
subcutaneous ## Footnote Meaning: under the skin
142
What does 'IM' stand for?
intramuscular ## Footnote Meaning: within a muscle
143
What does 'AM' refer to?
morning ## Footnote Meaning: morning time
144
What does 'PM' mean?
evening/afternoon ## Footnote Meaning: afternoon time
145
What does 'Q' signify in medication frequency?
each/every ## Footnote Meaning: each or every time
146
What does 'QD' mean?
every day ## Footnote Meaning: once daily
147
What does 'QOD' signify?
every other day ## Footnote Meaning: every second day
148
What does 'BID' stand for?
twice a day ## Footnote Meaning: two times a day
149
What does 'TID' mean?
three times a day ## Footnote Meaning: three times daily
150
What does 'QID' refer to?
four times a day ## Footnote Meaning: four times daily
151
What does 'qh' signify?
every hour ## Footnote Meaning: once every hour
152
What does 'PRN' mean?
as necessary ## Footnote Meaning: as needed

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