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Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a unicellular organism made up of?

A

One (1) Cell

Examples include bacteria and yeast.

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2
Q

What is the highest level of organization in a multi-cellular organism?

A

the Organ Systems

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3
Q

The Integumentary System includes which of the following?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Exocrine glands
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4
Q

What is the primary function of the Skeletal System?

A

Provide structural support and protect internal organs

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5
Q

The function of the Muscular System is to:

A

Facilitate movement, maintain posture, and generate heat

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6
Q

What does the Nervous System consist of?

A
  • Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord)
  • Peripheral Nervous System
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7
Q

What is the role of the Endocrine System?

A

Produce hormones that help regulate homeostasis

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8
Q

The Cardiovascular System is responsible for:

A

Distributing oxygen and nutrients and transporting waste

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9
Q

What does the Lymphatic System do?

A

Drains interstitial fluid and plays a role in immune defense

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10
Q

Which system includes the nasal passages and lungs?

A

Respiratory System

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The Digestive System is composed of the organs of the _______.

A

[gastrointestinal tract]

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12
Q

What is the function of the Urinary System?

A

Filter and cleanse the blood of metabolic wastes

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13
Q

The Reproductive System is primarily responsible for:

A

Producing viable offspring

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14
Q

What is the Anatomical Position?

A

Body facing the viewer with palms turned up (thumbs outwards away from the body).

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15
Q

True or False: In the Anatomical Position, the body’s right side is on the viewer’s right.

A

False

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16
Q

Define ‘Superior.’

A

Above, higher than

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17
Q

What does ‘Inferior’ mean?

A

Below, lower than

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18
Q

What does ‘Anterior’ refer to?

A

In front, before

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19
Q

What does ‘Posterior’ mean?

A

Behind, toward the back

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20
Q

What does ‘Ventral’ indicate?

A

Toward the belly

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21
Q

What is the opposite of ventral?

A

Dorsal

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22
Q

Define ‘Medial.’

A

Toward the middle

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23
Q

What does ‘Lateral’ mean?

A

Away from the midline

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24
Q

What does ‘Proximal’ indicate?

A

Close to, in proximity

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25
What does 'Distal' mean?
At a distance, farther away
26
What are the three planes of division in the body?
* Frontal (Coronal) * Sagittal * Transverse (Horizontal)
27
What does a Frontal plane do?
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
28
What is the purpose of the Sagittal plane?
Divides the body into right and left parts
29
What is the Midsagittal plane?
Divides the body into equal right and left sides
30
What does the Transverse plane divide?
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
31
What are the 6 Dimensions of Health according to WHO?
* Physical * Mental * Emotional * Spiritual * Social * Environmental
32
Fill in the blank: The Environmental Dimension of Health pertains to your home and workplace _______.
[order and neatness]
33
True or False: All dimensions of health are interconnected.
True
34
What may increase the likelihood of physical sickness?
Poor environmental conditions ## Footnote Higher chances of infections can result from poor environmental conditions.
35
Building and maintaining effective relationships with family and friends is part of which health dimension?
Social Health Dimension
36
A person's relationship with himself/herself is part of which health dimension?
Mental Health Dimension
37
What is the focus of Wellness in healthcare?
More than just the physical body
38
What is the goal of disease prevention in society?
Reduce overall morbidity and mortality
39
What is Primary Disease Prevention?
Preventing behaviors that increase the risks of diseases
40
What is an example of Primary Disease Prevention?
Avoiding smoking to prevent lung cancer
41
What is Secondary Disease Prevention?
Modifying behavior to reduce risks when risk factors are present
42
What is an example of Secondary Disease Prevention?
Adjusting diet and exercise after high cholesterol diagnosis
43
What is Tertiary Disease Prevention?
Treatment or rehabilitation of a disease after diagnosis
44
What is the study of disease called?
Pathology
45
Homeostasis is:
A state of balance
46
What is Metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
47
What are the two types of reactions in Metabolism?
Anabolic reactions and Catabolic reactions
48
Fill in the blank: Homeostasis is maintained with the help of the _______ and _______ systems.
Nervous, Endocrine
49
What does the Nervous System do?
Responds quickly to maintain homeostatic imbalances
50
What does the Endocrine System do?
Utilizes hormones to fix homeostatic imbalances
51
What is the difference between Mass and Weight?
Mass is constant; Weight depends on gravity
52
What is Energy defined as?
The ability to do work
53
What are the two important laws concerning energy?
* Energy can neither be created nor destroyed * Energy can change forms
54
List some forms of energy.
* Electrical * Light * Chemical * Mechanical * Heat
55
Matter is defined as:
Anything that takes space and has mass
56
What are the three states of matter?
* Solid * Liquid * Gas
57
Fill in the blank: The coldest state of matter is _______.
Solid
58
What happens to molecules in matter as energy increases?
They move faster and are farther apart
59
At what temperature does water become solid?
0 degrees Celsius
60
What is the balance of all functions in the organism referred to as?
Homeostasis ## Footnote Homeostasis is crucial for maintaining stable internal conditions in living organisms.
61
Which system is NOT solely responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
Nervous System only ## Footnote Homeostasis is maintained by both the nervous system and hormones.
62
What is the primary disease prevention method for cervical cancer in women?
Getting an HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active at the age of 12 years ## Footnote Vaccination is a proactive approach to prevent HPV infection, which can lead to cervical cancer.
63
The lowest form of energy is:
Heat ## Footnote Heat energy is considered the lowest form of energy in terms of usability.
64
What is matter made up of?
Molecules ## Footnote Molecules are composed of atoms, which consist of subatomic particles.
65
What are the three types of subatomic particles in an atom?
* Protons * Neutrons * Electrons ## Footnote Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around it.
66
What charge do protons have?
Positive charge (+) ## Footnote Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.
67
What is the charge of neutrons?
No charge ## Footnote Neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus.
68
What charge do electrons have?
Negative charge (-) ## Footnote Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.
69
How do you determine the number of protons in an atom?
Look up the atom’s element in the Periodic Table, as the number of protons is always equal to the atomic number of that element ## Footnote The number at the top of the box for that element indicates the number of protons.
70
Fill in the blank: An atom is neutral which means: Number of protons = _______.
Number of electrons ## Footnote This balance keeps the atom electrically neutral.
71
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first orbit?
2 electrons ## Footnote The first electron orbit has a maximum capacity of 2 electrons.
72
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second and third orbit(s)?
8 electrons ## Footnote The second electron orbit can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
73
What happens to an atom when it gains or loses electrons?
It becomes an Ion ## Footnote Ions are charged particles resulting from the gain or loss of electrons.
74
If an atom gains electrons, what type of ion does it become?
Anion ## Footnote Anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.
75
If an atom loses electrons, what type of ion does it become?
Cation ## Footnote Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons.
76
What is the conversion formula for kilograms to pounds?
kg = lb / 2.2 ## Footnote This formula allows for conversion between weight measurements.
77
Convert 200 lb to kg.
90.91 kg ## Footnote Calculation: 200 lb / 2.2 = 90.91 kg.
78
Convert 55 kg to lb.
121 lb ## Footnote Calculation: 55 kg x 2.2 = 121 lb.
79
Convert 143 lb to kg.
65 kg ## Footnote Calculation: 143 lb / 2.2 = 65 kg.
80
Convert 82 kg to lb.
180.4 lb ## Footnote Calculation: 82 kg x 2.2 = 180.4 lb.
81
What is the atomic number of Lithium (Li)?
3 ## Footnote Lithium is the third element on the Periodic Table.

EMB (23 decks)

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