microbiology ch 12 Flashcards
1
Q
What is mycology?
A
The study of fungi
2
Q
Are fungi chemoheterotrophs?
A
Yes
3
Q
What do fungi decompose for energy?
A
Organic matter
4
Q
What two forms of oxygen tolerance can fungi be?
A
Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
5
Q
What pH do fungi grow better in?
A
5
6
Q
Do fungi grow better in low osmotic pressure conditions?
A
No
7
Q
Can fungi grow in low moisture conditions?
A
Yes
8
Q
This is the study of fungi
A
Mycology
9
Q
Are fungi chemoautotrophs?
A
No (Chemoheterotrophs)
10
Q
Can fungi be obligate anaerobes?
A
No
11
Q
Can fungi be aerobes?
A
Yes
12
Q
Can fungi be facultative anaerobes?
A
Yes
13
Q
Do fungi prefer a pH of 8?
A
No (5)
14
Q
Can fungi grow better in high sugar and salt concentration?
A
Yes
15
Q
Do fungi grow better in high moisture conditions?
A
No
16
Q
What is mycosis?
A
Fungal infection
17
Q
What is systemic mycosis?
A
Fungal infection deep within body
18
Q
What is subcutaneous mycosis?
A
Fungal infection beneath skin
19
Q
What is cutaneous mycosis?
A
Fungal infection that affects hair, skin, and nails
20
Q
What is superficial mycosis?
A
Fungal infection that is localized (e.g. hair shafts)
21
Q
What is opportunistic mycosis?
A
Fungal infection that is normally harmless but can become pathogenic in a compromised host
22
Q
This is a general term for a fungal infection
A
Mycosis
23
Q
This is a term for a fungal infection deep within the body
A
Systemic mycosis
24
Q
This is a term for a fungal infection beneath the skin
A
Subcutaneous mycosis
25
This is a term for a fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, and nails
Cutaneous mycosis
26
This is a term for a fungal infection that is localized
Superficial mycosis
27
This is a term for a fungal infection that only becomes pathogenic compromised hosts
Opportunistic mycosis
28
What are lichens?
Mutualistic combination of a green algae (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus
29
What are crustose lichens?
Lichens that encrust on a substratum
30
What are foliose lichens?
Lichens that form leaflike shapes on a substratum
31
What are fruticose lichens?
Lichens that form finger-like shapes on a substratum
32
These are mutualistic combinations of a green algae (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus
Lichens
33
This type of lichen is encrusted on the substratum
Crustose
34
This type of lichen forms leaflike growths on the substratum
Foliose
35
This type of lichen forms fingerlike growths on the substratum
Fruticose
36
What role does the algae play in a lichen?
Produces and secretes carbohydrates
37
What role does the fungus play in a lichen?
Provides a holdfast
38
What are four examples of the economic uses of lichens?
Dyes; antimicrobial (Usnea); litmus; food for herbivores
39
Do algae constitute a taxonomic group?
No
40
Are algae chemoautotrophs?
No (photoautotrophs)
41
What 3 plant structures do algae lack?
Roots, stems, leaves
42
What method of reproduction do algae use?
Asexual
43
What type of environment do algae typically inhabit?
Aquatic environments
44
Why are algae typically found in aquatic habitats?
Water is necessary for their growth and reproduction
45
This eukaryotic group is made up of unicellular or filamentous photoautotrophs
Algae
46
Members of this eukaryotic group lack roots, stems, and leaves
Algae
47
Members of this eukaryotic group reproduce asexually and are mostly aquatic
Algae
48
What 3 factors determine where algae is located in a body of water?
Nutrient availability; light wavelengths; attachment surfaces
49
What are algal blooms?
Increases in planktonic algae that can result in toxin release or die and consume oxygen
50
How much of Earth's O2 do algae produce?
80%
51
What do algae fix CO2 into?
Organic molecules
52
Do protozoa require a lot of water?
Yes
53
What outer structure do protozoa have that requires them to have specialized structures to take in food?
Protective pellicle
54
How do ciliates eat?
By waving cilia toward mouth-like cytosome
55
How do amebae eat?
By phagocytizing food
56
In protozoa, where is food digested?
In vacuoles
57
In protozoa, where is waste eliminated?
Through an anal pore
58
This group of eukaryotes requires a large supply of water, and many have specialized structures for food intake
Protozoa
59
These protozoa eat by waving cilia towards their mouthlike cytosomes
Ciliates
60
These protozoa eat by phagocytizing their food
Amebae
61
What disease does Plasmodium cause?
Malaria
62
What mosquito does Plasmodium reproduce sexually within?
Anopheles mosquito
63
What life cycle stage of Plasmodium does a mosquito inject into its bite?
Sporozoite
64
What happens to the Plasmodium sporozoite after its injected?
It undergoes schizogony in the liver, producing merozoites
65
What do merozoites infect?
Red blood cells
66
What do merozites form inside red blood cells?
Ring stage
67
What happens to the red blood cells full of merozoites?
They rupture, allowing merozoites to infect new red blood cells
68
This protozoa causes malaria
Plasmodium
69
This mosquito is the host for the sexually reproducing stage of Plasmodium
Anopheles
70
This Plasmodium life stage is injected through the bite of a mosquito
Sporozoite
71
After Plasmodium sporozoites undergo schizogony in the liver, these are produced
Merozoites
72
A ring stage forms in these after merozoites infect them
Red blood cells
73
After red blood cells rupture, these can infect new red blood cells
Merozoites
74
Do Plasmodium reproduce asexually in human hosts?
Yes
75
Do Plasmodium reproduce asexually in mosquitoes?
No
76
These are organisms that resemble ameba, ingest fungi and bacteria by phagocytosis, and have cells that can aggregate to form stalks and spore caps that differentiate into spores
Cellular slime molds
77
What are helminths?
Parasitic worms
78
What two phyla are considered helminths?
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Nematoda (roundworms)
79
These are parasitic worms of either Phylum Platyhelminthes or Phylum Nematoda
Helminths
80
Are helminths specialized to live in hosts?
Yes
81
May helminths lack a digestive system?
Yes
82
Do helminths have a complex nervous system?
No
83
Do helminths have sophisticated locomotion?
No
84
Do helminths have a complex reproductive system?
Yes
85
These are multicellular eukaryotic animals that are specialized to live in hosts, may lack a digestive system, have a reduced nervous system, have reduced or lacking locomotion, and have a complex reproductive system
Helminths
86
What are 3 characteristics of arthropods?
Segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs
87
What is a distinguishing feature of Arachnida?
Eight legs
88
What is a distinguishing feature of Crustacea?
Four antennae
89
What is a distinguishing feature of Insecta?
Six legs
90
These are animals with segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs
Arthropods
91
These are arthropods with 8 legs
Arachnids
92
These are arthropods with 4 antennae
Crustaceans
93
These are arthropods with 6 legs
Insects
