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CNS > Meninges & Cisterns > Flashcards

Meninges & Cisterns Flashcards

1
Q

Function of meninges

A
  • The layers surrounding the brain, inside the skull that provide attachments and fluid filled spaces for protection of the brain and spinal cord
  • Lie immediately deep to the cranium
  • Protect and enclose the brain and spinal cord in a fluid filled cavity
  • Provide a framework for vessels: arteries, veins and venous sinuses
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2
Q

Dura mater

A

Thick external fibrous layer

Tough

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3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Thin intermediate layer

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4
Q

Pia mater

A

Delicate internal vascular layer

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5
Q

What does the PERIOSTEAL (periosteum) layer of the dura mater cover

A

Covers and adheres to the internal cranium surface

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6
Q

What does the MENINGEAL layer of the dura mater cover

A

A strong fibrous membrane that is continuous at the foramen magnum with the dura covering the spinal cord (1 layer of dura)

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7
Q

What doe the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater result in

A

Incomplete dividers between brain regions and spaces such as the venous sinuses

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8
Q

3 branches of meningeal arteries and veins

A

Anterior

Middle

Posterior

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9
Q

Innervation of the dura mater

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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10
Q

What is the leptomeninx

A

Arachnoid and pia mater and continuous with one another

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11
Q

Difference between the arachnoid and pia mater

A

Arachnoid = AVASCULAR

Pia = highly vascularised

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12
Q

What’s contained in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater

What structures traverse the space

A

CSF

Arachnoid (web-like) trabeculae traverse the space

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13
Q

What are arachnoid granulations

A
  • Collections of arachnoid villi
  • Protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura
  • Pass CSF into the venous blood system
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14
Q

Describe pia

A

A thin membrane that adheres to the surface of the brain

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15
Q

Epidural/extradural space

A

Not a natural space between the cranium and the periosteal layer of the dura

Tightly adhered to the cranium

No space should be present

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16
Q

Subdural space

A

Between the meningeal layer of the dura and the arachnoid mater - not a natural space

No attachments - CSF pressure usually keeps arachnoid mater against the dura

potential space

17
Q

Subarachnoid (SA) space

A
  • A real space between the arachnoid and pia mater
  • Contains CSF, trabecular cells, cerebral arteries, bridging veins
  • Cisterns are expanding areas of SA space (quadrigeminal, cisterna magna)
18
Q

Overview of cisterns

A
19
Q

Where do the periosteal folds of dura attach to

A

Attached firmly to the skull

20
Q

What do the meningeal folds of dura form

A

They fold on themselves to form dividers

  • 1 lies between the 2 hemispheres of the brain - sagittal in orientation
  • The other divides the space containing the cerebrum from that containing the cerebellum - more horizontal in orientation
21
Q

Falx cerebri (fold of dura)

A

Largest

Separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum

22
Q

Tentorium cerebelli (fold of dura)

A
  • Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
  • Tentorial notch, brainstem passes through this space
  • Supratentorial and infratentorial e.g. tumours
  • Most childhood tumours are infratentorial, while most adult tumours are supratentorial
23
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Separates right and left cerebellar hemispheres

24
Q

Diaphragm sellae

A

Smallest, covers clinoid processes and folds around the pituitary gland

25
Q

2 innermost layer of the meninges

A

Deflated balloon with no hole - stretch it around an organ

Within the balloon is fluid that allows the layers to move relative to one another

Outer layer provides framework for vessels

26
Q

What do the arachnoid and pia mater represent

A

Our “deflated balloon”

27
Q

Structures unique to sub-arachnoid space

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

28
Q

apex of gyrus - dimensions of pia mater

deep into sulcus

A

Thin layer

Pockets of CSF in sulci

29
Q
A
30
Q

What structures are formed when the pial and arachnoid mater deviate more substantially in their paths relative to one another => cisterns

A
31
Q

What is the fold of dura technically made from

A

Meningeal layer

32
Q

Where is the falx cerebri located

A

In the longitudinal fissure

33
Q

Spaces related to the tentorium cerebelli

A

Infratentorial space (a mass here would dispace tissue towards the foramen magnum - CHILDREN)

Supratentorial space (ADULTS)

34
Q

Falx cerebelli orientation

A

Sagittal in orientation (like falx cerebri)

35
Q

Diaphragm sellae

A

partition in sphenoid bone

Separates the space the pituitary occupies from the rest of the cranial cavity

CNS (36 decks)

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