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CNS > Cerebral Surface > Flashcards

Cerebral Surface Flashcards

1
Q

Difference in size of corresponding lobe and bone of the same name

A
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2
Q

Structures in the ethmoid bone

A

Olfactory nerves

Cribriform plate

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3
Q

Structures in the sphenoid bone

A

Pituitary gland

Diaphragm sella - meningeal dural fold

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4
Q

Importance of cerebrum

What is it responsible for

Contents of cerebrum

A

Newest (evolutionarily) and largest part of the brain as a whole

  • Perception, thought, imagination, judgement, decision making
  • Contains an outer surface/cortex and deeper grey matter areas termed SUBCORTICAL NUCLEI
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5
Q

What are subcortical nuclei

A

Deeper grey matter areas in the cerebrum (also some in the diencephalon)

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6
Q

Contents of diencephalon

A

Thalamus & hypothalamus

Some of subcortical nuclei of the brain

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7
Q

Describe the brainstem

A

The continuation of the spinal cord

Consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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8
Q

What is the 2nd largest part of the brain

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

Sagittal view of the brain

A
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10
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex known as “the seat of our intelligence”

A

Neurons in the cortex that we are able to read, write, speak, remember, and plan our life

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11
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of

A

An outer cerebral cortex

An internal region of cerebral white matter

Grey matter nuclei deep within the white matter termed Sub-Cortical nuclei

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12
Q

Define grey matter

A
  • Grey because it lacks myelin
  • Formed from neuronal cell bodies and dendrites
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13
Q

Define white matter

A

Formed from aggregations of myelinated axons from many neurons

The lipid part of myelin imparts the white appearance

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14
Q

Medial view of tracts revealed by removing grey matter from a midsaggital section

A
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15
Q

Influence of grey matter development on the formation of gyri and sulci

A

During embryonic development, the grey matter of the brain develops faster than the white matter - the cortical region rolls and folds on itself

Convolutions and grooves are created in the cortex during this growth process

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16
Q

Define gyri

A

Folds

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17
Q

Define fissures

A

Deepest grooves between gyri

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18
Q

Define sulci

A

The shallower grooves between folds

19
Q

What does the longitudinal fissure separate

A

The cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres

20
Q

What does the central sulcus divide

A

The anterior frontal lobe from the more posteriorly situated parietal lobe

21
Q

Where is the precentral gyrus located

What is contained in it

A

Immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe

Contains the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex

22
Q 
# Define the primary motor area
Where is it found
A
  • Where the sginal and fibres finally depart the cortex to exit via the spinal cord carrying signals to the hand e.g. allowing you to carry out your decision to lift a finger by contracting the relevant muscle
  • Located in the precentral gyrus, immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe
23
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus located

What is contained in it

A
  • Immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
  • contains the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
24
Q

Define primary somatosensory area

A
  • Where a signal that your finger touched the button first arrives in the cortex allowing you to perceive senses from the body
  • Located in the postcentral gyrus, located immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
25
Q

Name the gyri

A
26
Q

What is plasticity

A

The brain changes over a lifespan

27
Q

What bone is associated with the external auditory canal/meatus

A

Temporal

28
Q

How do the frontal bone & lobe compare

A

Frontal lobe is larger than the frontal bone

29
Q

Where does the diencephalon sit

A

Medial and deep to the cerebral hemispheres

30
Q

What is the thalamus

A

A major relay station for signals to get to the cortex

relays motor instructions from the cortex to the brainstem, spinal cord and the body’s muscles

31
Q

What is in the brainstem

A

Brainstem contains nuclei that are critical to life ie cardiac and resp control areas

32
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for

A

Meta analysis of speech and physical task performance monitoring

33
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

What is the outer cerebral cortex/mantle composed of

A

Grey matter

35
Q

What lies under the cortex

A

An internal region of cerebral white matter & grey matter deep within the white matter => SUB-CORTICAL NUCLEI

36
Q

Central sulcus

A

Marks the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobe

37
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

38
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Posterior to central sulcus

Primary somatosensory cortex

39
Q

3 different types of cortex

A

Paleo - oldest

Archo - intermediate

Neo - newest

V1 in occipital cortex represents the primary termination zone of the visual pathway arising as the optic nerve in the retina

V1 is high in muscarinic 2 receptors - primary visual cortex and exists either side of the calcurine fissure

40
Q

What happens when myelin is degraded and signal compromised

A

Disorders such as MS and difficulty controlling muscles

41
Q

White matter is used to…

A

Carry signals between 2 grey matter regions

42
Q

Can a function be assigned to a particular cortical area

A

We’re generalising when we do and potentially wrong

43
Q

What is the faster grey matter growth (over white matter growth) due to

A

Mechanical forces of tissue with cranium being a limiting factor

CNS (36 decks)

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