Cerebral Surface Flashcards

1
Q

Difference in size of corresponding lobe and bone of the same name

A
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2
Q

Structures in the ethmoid bone

A

Olfactory nerves

Cribriform plate

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3
Q

Structures in the sphenoid bone

A

Pituitary gland

Diaphragm sella - meningeal dural fold

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4
Q

Importance of cerebrum

What is it responsible for

Contents of cerebrum

A

Newest (evolutionarily) and largest part of the brain as a whole

  • Perception, thought, imagination, judgement, decision making
  • Contains an outer surface/cortex and deeper grey matter areas termed SUBCORTICAL NUCLEI
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5
Q

What are subcortical nuclei

A

Deeper grey matter areas in the cerebrum (also some in the diencephalon)

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6
Q

Contents of diencephalon

A

Thalamus & hypothalamus

Some of subcortical nuclei of the brain

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7
Q

Describe the brainstem

A

The continuation of the spinal cord

Consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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8
Q

What is the 2nd largest part of the brain

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

Sagittal view of the brain

A
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10
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex known as “the seat of our intelligence”

A

Neurons in the cortex that we are able to read, write, speak, remember, and plan our life

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11
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of

A

An outer cerebral cortex

An internal region of cerebral white matter

Grey matter nuclei deep within the white matter termed Sub-Cortical nuclei

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12
Q

Define grey matter

A
  • Grey because it lacks myelin
  • Formed from neuronal cell bodies and dendrites
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13
Q

Define white matter

A

Formed from aggregations of myelinated axons from many neurons

The lipid part of myelin imparts the white appearance

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14
Q

Medial view of tracts revealed by removing grey matter from a midsaggital section

A
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15
Q

Influence of grey matter development on the formation of gyri and sulci

A

During embryonic development, the grey matter of the brain develops faster than the white matter - the cortical region rolls and folds on itself

Convolutions and grooves are created in the cortex during this growth process

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16
Q

Define gyri

A

Folds

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17
Q

Define fissures

A

Deepest grooves between gyri

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18
Q

Define sulci

A

The shallower grooves between folds

19
Q

What does the longitudinal fissure separate

A

The cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres

20
Q

What does the central sulcus divide

A

The anterior frontal lobe from the more posteriorly situated parietal lobe

21
Q

Where is the precentral gyrus located

What is contained in it

A

Immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe

Contains the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex

22
Q
# Define the primary motor area
Where is it found
A
  • Where the sginal and fibres finally depart the cortex to exit via the spinal cord carrying signals to the hand e.g. allowing you to carry out your decision to lift a finger by contracting the relevant muscle
  • Located in the precentral gyrus, immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe
23
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus located

What is contained in it

A
  • Immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
  • contains the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex
24
Q

Define primary somatosensory area

A
  • Where a signal that your finger touched the button first arrives in the cortex allowing you to perceive senses from the body
  • Located in the postcentral gyrus, located immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
25
Name the gyri
26
What is plasticity
The brain changes over a lifespan
27
What bone is associated with the external auditory canal/meatus
Temporal
28
How do the frontal bone & lobe compare
Frontal lobe is larger than the frontal bone
29
Where does the diencephalon sit
Medial and deep to the cerebral hemispheres
30
What is the thalamus
A major relay station for signals to get to the cortex relays motor instructions from the cortex to the brainstem, spinal cord and the body's muscles
31
What is in the brainstem
Brainstem contains nuclei that are critical to life ie cardiac and resp control areas
32
What is the cerebellum responsible for
Meta analysis of speech and physical task performance monitoring
33
Longitudinal fissure
Separates right and left cerebral hemispheres
34
What is the outer cerebral cortex/mantle composed of
Grey matter
35
What lies under the cortex
An internal region of cerebral white matter & grey matter deep within the white matter =\> SUB-CORTICAL NUCLEI
36
Central sulcus
Marks the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobe
37
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex
38
Postcentral gyrus
Posterior to central sulcus Primary somatosensory cortex
39
3 different types of cortex
Paleo - oldest Archo - intermediate Neo - newest V1 in occipital cortex represents the primary termination zone of the visual pathway arising as the optic nerve in the retina V1 is high in muscarinic 2 receptors - primary visual cortex and exists either side of the calcurine fissure
40
What happens when myelin is degraded and signal compromised
Disorders such as MS and difficulty controlling muscles
41
White matter is used to...
Carry signals between 2 grey matter regions
42
Can a function be assigned to a particular cortical area
We're generalising when we do and potentially wrong
43
What is the faster grey matter growth (over white matter growth) due to
Mechanical forces of tissue with cranium being a limiting factor