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CNS > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, Ah Heaven

A

CN I - Olfactory

CN II - Optic

CN III - Oculomotor

CN IV - Trochlear

CN V - Trigeminal

CN VI - Abducent

CN VII - Facial

CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear

CN IX - Glosspharyngeal

CN X - Vagus

CN XI - Accessory

CN XII - Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most

A

CN I - Sensory (Olfactory)

CN II - Sensory (Optic)

CN III - Motor (Oculomotor)

CN IV - Motor (Trochlear)

CN V - Both (Trigeminal)

CN VI - Motor (Abducent)

CN VII - Both (Facial)

CN VIII - Sensory (Vesitbulocochlear)

CN IX - Both (Glossopharyngeal)

CN X - Both (Vagus)

CN XI - Motor (Accessory)

CN XII - Motor (Hypoglossal)

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3
Q

Gross anatomy photo of CNs

A
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4
Q

Sensory & Motor CN nuclei

A
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5
Q

Define olfactory bulb

A

Bundles of olfactory nerve fibres pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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6
Q

Where do olfactory tracts run

A

In olfactory sulcus

Olfactory tracts extend from olfactory bulb

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7
Q

What does the olfactory sulcus divide into

A

Medial and lateral olfactory striae

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8
Q

What happens if there is unilateral olfactory loss (anosmia)

A

Patient is often unaware of loss as contralateral olfaction can compensate

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9
Q

What does the optic nerve (CN II) do

What is its path

A

Optic nerve fibres obtain info from photoreceptors in retina

Optic nerve accesses optic cavity via optic canal

  • unites with opposite optic nerve forming optic chiasm
  • optic tract to lateral geniculate nuclei of thalamus
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10
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) exit

A

Exits brainstem at PONTOMEDULLARY junction (at cerebellopontine angle)

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11
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

A

Vestibular - maintain balance (vertigo)

Cochlear - conducts nerve impulses concerned with sound from organ of Corti in cochlea

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12
Q

Where do the olfactory, optic, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves exit the cranial cavity

A

Olfactory - foramina of cribriform plate

Optic - optic canal

Facial & vestibulocochlear - internal auditory meatus

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13
Q

Openings in the cranium

A
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14
Q

What happens as the auditory pathways enter the brainstem

A

Info crosses at multiple levels

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15
Q

What is common about the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducent (CN VI) nerves

A

Travel in same part of the brain to innervate the muscles of the eye

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16
Q

In what direction do CN XI and XII travel

A

Towards the neck

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17
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve arise

Describe its path

Where does it exit the cranium

A

Emerges on anterior surface of the brainstem - between pons and midbrain, in INTERPEDUNCULAR FOSSA

Usually passes between posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery

Exits skull via superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

Differentiate between the 2 nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A

Main oculomotor nucleus - supplies most of the extrinsic muscles of the eye

Accessory PS nucleus (Adenger-Westphal nucleus) - ciliary ganglion for pupillary light reflex

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19
Q

Name the foramen in the cranium that the oculomotor nerve passes through

A

Superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

Describe the path of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)

What is noteworthy about this nerve

What does it innervateM

A

Most fragile of the cranial nerves

Emerges from posterior surface of midbrain, from inferior caliculi

Passes through the superior orbital fissure

Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye

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21
Q

Describe the path of the abducent nerve

What does it innervate

What foramen of the cranium does it pass through

A

Emerges in groove between lower pons and medulla

Enters orbit through superior orbital fissure

Supplies lateral rectus muscle of eyeball

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22
Q

What do the occulomotr, trochlear, ophthalmic and abducent nerves have in common

A

All traverse the cavernous sinus to exit skull via superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

Specific function of trochlear nerve

A

Turns eye downwards and laterally

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24
Q

Specific function of abducent nerve

A

Abducts the eye laterally in horizontal direction

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25
Q

Specific function of oculomotor nerve

A

All other eye movement (aside from abduction, downward and laterally movement)

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26
Q

What is different about nerves in the medulla region

A

Emerge as a series of rootlets

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27
Q

Describe the location of the cranial part of the accessory nerve

A

Posterior to olive

Nerve joins spinal root

Roots exit through jugular foramen

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28
Q

What is the separation of the roots of accessory nerve

A

CRANIAL

Innervates larynx and pharynx

SPINAL

innervates neck muscles

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29
Q

Sternomastoid function

A

Turns head to opposite side

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30
Q

Trapezius function

A

Elevation of shoulder

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31
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply

Where does it emerge

Through what foramen does it leave the skull

A

Supplies muscle of tongue

Emerges as a set of rootlets in groove between pyramid and olive

Leaves skull through the hypoglossal canal

32
Q

Pathway for neurons of hypoglossal nerve

Hence what would a lesion result in

A

Upper motor neurons for tongue movement arise from tongue region of primary motor cortex - corticobulbar pathway

Decussation before they reach the hypoglossal nuclei

Lesion in primary motor cortex/internal capsule results in contralateral tongue weakness

33
Q

Name the 4 nerves with motor and sensory functions

A

Trigeminal (CN V)

Facial (CN VII)

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Vagus (CN X)

34
Q

Describe the path of the trigeminal (V) nerve - largest CN

A

Leaves anterior aspect of the pons as a small motor root and large sensory root

35
Q

What does the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve form

Where is it located

A

Sensory root expands to form trigeminal ganglion in Meckel’s Cave

36
Q

Name the nerves that arise from the trigeminal ganglion

A

Opthalmic (V1)

Maxillary (V2)

Mandibular (V3)

37
Q

What does the motor root of the trigeminal nerve supply

A

The muscles of mastication

38
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery

39
Q

What 4 nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure and name if they are motor or sensory in function

A

Occulomotor - motor

Trochlear - motor

Ophthalmic - sensory

Abducent - motor

40
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Shooting pains across the cheek

41
Q

Where does the facial nerve (VII) travel

What muscles does it supply

A

Emerges from the anterior surface of brain between pons and medulla

Supplies muscles of facial expression

42
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the facial nerve

What ganglion is associated with it

A

Sensation of taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Geniculate ganglion

43
Q

Describe the PS innervation of the facial nerve

What ganglions are associated with it

A

Innervation to lacrimal glands and sublingual/submandibular glands

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Submandibular ganglion

44
Q

Name the 5 branches of the facial nerve

A

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

45
Q

Exits of the facial nerve

A

Cranial cavity via Internal Acoustic Meatus

Skull to reach muscles of facial expression via stylomastoid foramen

46
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy

A

Unilateral facial weakness

Also affects tear production on the same side

47
Q

Describe the path of the glosspharyngeal nerve

What muscle does it innervate

A

Emerges just below pontomedullary junction, below CN VIII

Innervates stylopharyngeus muscle in the neck

48
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Sensations of taste - posterior 1/3 of the tongue

49
Q

Describe the PS innervation of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Name the ganglion

A

PS innervation of parotid gland

Otic ganglion

50
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Facial nerve

51
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull

A

through the jugular foramen

52
Q

Describe the path of the vagus nerve

A

Emerges as a series of rootlets in groove posterior to olive, just below CN IX

53
Q

Describe the motor innervation of the vagus nerve

A

To pharynx

Larynx

Upper oesophageal muscles (gag reflex)

54
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the vagus nerve

A

Heart

Lungs

Larynx

Pharynx

GI

55
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the vagus nerve

A

Heart

Lungs

GI

56
Q

Overview of nerves passing through the various foramina of the skull

A
57
Q

Summary of need to know info for CNs

A
58
Q

Optic nerve passing beneath dura

A
59
Q

What lies inferior to optic chiasm

A

Internal carotid arteries

Roof of pituitary fossa

60
Q

How do optic nerves travel from the retina (medial side) into the optic chiasm

How does it differ with the lateral side

A

Nerves travel on SAME SIDE of optic chiasm when coming from the lateral side of the retina

61
Q

Origin of oculomotor

A

Between cerebral peduncles

62
Q

Origin of trochlear

A

Back of midbrain

63
Q

Origin of abducent

A

Below the pons

64
Q

Superior orbital fissure transmits

A

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Abducent

65
Q

Where does the oculomotor pierce through the dura

A

Near the posterior clinoid process

66
Q

Relationship between oculomotor, trochlear and abducent

A
67
Q

Division of oculomotor nerve

A

Lower branch below optic nerve

Controls size of pupil and shape of lens

68
Q

What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply

A

Superior oblieque muscle

69
Q

Origin of trigeminal nerve

A
70
Q

Openings for nerves associated with trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure

Maxillary - foramen rotundum

Mandibular - foramen ovale

71
Q

Divisions of ophthalmic nerve

A

Frontal nerve -> cutaneous branches to forehead

Lacrimal nerve

Nasociliary nerve -> 1+ ethmoidal nerves, but also sensation to eyeball

Infratrochlear nerve (cutaneous)

72
Q

Origin of facial & vestibulocochlear nerves

A

Just below pons

73
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve as it passes from its origin

A
74
Q

Origin of 9th, 10th and 11th nerves

A

Lateral aspect of medulla

75
Q

Where do filaments of spinal accessory nerve emerge from

A

C1-C5

CNS (36 decks)

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