Medsurg 4

Question 1

During the patient’s _____ , the nurse should monitor the patient closely and assist him as needed while he walks a few feet from the bed to a steady chair.

Answer 1

first postoperative ambulation

Question 2

____ occurs when 15% to 25% of the body’s total blood volume is lost.

Answer 2

Hypovolemia

Question 3

____ include rapid, weak pulse; low blood pressure; cool, clammy skin; shallow respirations; oliguria or anuria; and lethargy.

Answer 3

Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia

Question 4

____ causes sudden severe, constant pain over the anterior chest. The pain is aggravated by inspiration.

Answer 4

Acute pericarditis

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of ____ include fever, chills, rash, abdominal distention, prostration, pain, headache, nausea, and diarrhea.

Answer 5

septicemia

Question 6

____ fever causes a persistent high fever, nonpitting edema, and rash,

Answer 6

Rocky Mountain spotted

Question 7

Patients who have undergone ____ should sleep 6 to 10 hours per day, take their temperature twice daily, and avoid lifting more than 10 lb (4.5 kg) for at least 6 weeks.

Answer 7

coronary artery bypass graft

Question 8

____ (pain on ambulation) is caused by arterial insufficiency as a result of atheromatous plaque that obstructs arterial blood flow to the extremities.

Answer 8

Claudication pain

Question 9

___ can be powered by lithium batteries for up to 10 years.

Answer 9

Pacemakers

Question 10

The patient ____ ensure that sufficient urine remains in the bladder to make the procedure successful.

Answer 10

shouldn’t void for 1 hour before percutaneous suprapubic bladder aspiration to

Question 11

____ causes pulmonary congestion, pink-tinged sputum, and dyspnea. (Remember L for left and lung.)

Answer 11

Left-sided heart failure

Question 12

The current recommended blood cholesterol level is ____

Answer 12

less than 200 mg/dl.

Question 13

When caring for a patient who is having a ___, the nurse should follow these guidelines: (1) Avoid restraining the patient, but help a standing patient to a lying position, (2) Loosen restrictive clothing (ace a pillow or another soft object under the patient’s head (4) Clear the a hand objects (5) Don’t force anything into the patient’s mouth, but maintain a patent airway. (6) Reassure and met the patient’s after the seizure subside.

Answer 13

seizure

Question 14

___ , or overgrowth of gum tissue, is an adverse reaction to phenytoin (Dilantin),

Answer 14

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 15

With aging, most marrow in long bones becomes ___ , but it retains the capacity to convert back to red.

Answer 15

yellow

Question 16

Clinical manifestations of ____ include accumulation of fluid in the legs.

Answer 16

lymphedema

Question 17

____ is ventricular wall tension during systolic ejection. It’s increased in patients who have septal hypertrophy, increased blood viscosity, and conditions that cause blockage of aortic or pulmonary outflow.

Answer 17

Afterload

Question 18

____ can be stored frozen for up to 2 years; however, they must be used within 24 hours of thawing.

Answer 18

Red blood cells

Question 19

__ , the nurse should elevate the stump to prevent edema.

Answer 19

For the first 24 hours after amputation

Question 20

____ a woman should avoid sexual intercourse for 3 weeks if a vaginal approach was used and 6 weeks if the abdominal approach was used.

Answer 20

After hysterectomy

Question 21

____ characteristically causes progressive muscle rigidity, akinesia, and involuntary tremor.

Answer 21

Parkinson’s disease

Question 22

____ are characterized by a loss of consciousness and alternating periods of muscle contraction and relaxation.

Answer 22

Tonic-clonic seizures

Question 23

____ , a life-threatening emergency, is a series of rapidly repeating seizures that occur without intervening periods of consciousness.

Answer 23

Status epilepticus

Question 24

The ideal donor for kidney transplantation is an ____ . If an identical twin isn’t available, a biological sibling is the next best choice.

Answer 24

identical twin

Question 25

____ is the leading cancer among women; however, lung cancer accounts for more deaths

Answer 25

Breast cancer

Question 26

The ___ are as follows: stage 0, carcinoma in situ; stage 1, cancer confined to the cervix; stage II, cancer extending beyond the cervix, but not to the pelvic wall; stage III, cancer extending to the pelvic wall; and stage IV, cancer extending beyond the pelvis or within the bladder or rectum.

Answer 26

stages of cervical cancer

Question 27

One method used to estimate blood loss after a hysterectomy is counting perineal pads. ____ is considered hemorrhaging.

Answer 27

Saturating more than one pad in 1 hour or eight pads in 24 hours

Question 28

___ is the most common procedure for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia,

Answer 28

Transurethral resection of the prostate

Question 29

In a ____ the water in the water-seal chamber normally rises when a patient breathes in and falls when he breathes out.

Answer 29

chest drainage system

Question 30

___ provides spinal stability through a bone graft, usually from the iliac crest, that fuses two or more vertebrae.

Answer 30

Spinal fusion

Question 31

A patient who receives any type of transplant must take an ___

Answer 31

immunosuppressant drug for the rest of his life.

Question 32

____ should be used 5 to 10 times an hour while the patient is awake.

Answer 32

Incentive spirometry

Question 33

In women, ____ is a common complication of gonorrhea.

Answer 33

pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 34

Scoliosis is ____

Answer 34

lateral S-shaped curvature of the spine.

Question 35

Signs and symptoms of the ____ include a rash on the palms and soles, erosion of the oral mucosa, alopecia, and enlarged lymph nodes

Answer 35

secondary stage of syphilis

Question 36

In a patient who is receiving total parenteral nutrition, the nurse should ___

Answer 36

monitor glucose and electrolyte levels.

Question 37

Unless contraindicated, on ___ a patient should be turned on his side and his vital signs should be taken.

Answer 37

admission to the postanesthesia care unit

Question 38

__ is treated by limiting fluid intake and eliminating excess fluid.

Answer 38

Edema

Question 39

A patient who has had ____ should remain flat for 12 to 24 hours. Vital signs and neuromuscular function should be monitored.

Answer 39

spinal anesthesia

Question 40

A patient who has ___ should avoid food containing the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and lysine.

Answer 40

maple syrup urine disease

Question 41

A severe ____ is excessive blood loss that results in shock.

Answer 41

complication of a femur fracture

Question 42

To prepare a patient for ____, the nurse should ask the patient to void, measure his vital signs, place him in a supine position, and using aseptic technique, insert a catheter through the abdominal wall and into the peritoneal space.

Answer 42

peritoneal dialysis

Question 43

If more than 3 L of dialysate solution return during peritoneal dialysis, the nurse ____

Answer 43

should notify the physician.

Question 44

____ is the removal of certain elements from the blood by passing heparinized blood through a semipermeable membrane to the dialysate bath, which contains all of the important electrolytes in their ideal concentrations,

Answer 44

Hemodialysis

Question 45

____ usually affects the digits first, and begins with skin color changes that progress from gray-blue to dark brown or black.

Answer 45

Gangrene

Question 46

____ is assessed by evaluating blood urea nitrogen (normal range is 8 to 20 mg/dl) and serum creatinine (normal range is 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dl) levels.

Answer 46

Kidney function