Medsurg 4 Flashcards
During the patient’s _____ , the nurse should monitor the patient closely and assist him as needed while he walks a few feet from the bed to a steady chair.
first postoperative ambulation
____ occurs when 15% to 25% of the body’s total blood volume is lost.
Hypovolemia
____ include rapid, weak pulse; low blood pressure; cool, clammy skin; shallow respirations; oliguria or anuria; and lethargy.
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia
____ causes sudden severe, constant pain over the anterior chest. The pain is aggravated by inspiration.
Acute pericarditis
Signs and symptoms of ____ include fever, chills, rash, abdominal distention, prostration, pain, headache, nausea, and diarrhea.
septicemia
____ fever causes a persistent high fever, nonpitting edema, and rash,
Rocky Mountain spotted
Patients who have undergone ____ should sleep 6 to 10 hours per day, take their temperature twice daily, and avoid lifting more than 10 lb (4.5 kg) for at least 6 weeks.
coronary artery bypass graft
____ (pain on ambulation) is caused by arterial insufficiency as a result of atheromatous plaque that obstructs arterial blood flow to the extremities.
Claudication pain
___ can be powered by lithium batteries for up to 10 years.
Pacemakers
The patient ____ ensure that sufficient urine remains in the bladder to make the procedure successful.
shouldn’t void for 1 hour before percutaneous suprapubic bladder aspiration to
____ causes pulmonary congestion, pink-tinged sputum, and dyspnea. (Remember L for left and lung.)
Left-sided heart failure
The current recommended blood cholesterol level is ____
less than 200 mg/dl.
When caring for a patient who is having a ___, the nurse should follow these guidelines: (1) Avoid restraining the patient, but help a standing patient to a lying position, (2) Loosen restrictive clothing (ace a pillow or another soft object under the patient’s head (4) Clear the a hand objects (5) Don’t force anything into the patient’s mouth, but maintain a patent airway. (6) Reassure and met the patient’s after the seizure subside.
seizure
___ , or overgrowth of gum tissue, is an adverse reaction to phenytoin (Dilantin),
Gingival hyperplasia
With aging, most marrow in long bones becomes ___ , but it retains the capacity to convert back to red.
yellow
Clinical manifestations of ____ include accumulation of fluid in the legs.
lymphedema
____ is ventricular wall tension during systolic ejection. It’s increased in patients who have septal hypertrophy, increased blood viscosity, and conditions that cause blockage of aortic or pulmonary outflow.
Afterload
____ can be stored frozen for up to 2 years; however, they must be used within 24 hours of thawing.
Red blood cells
__ , the nurse should elevate the stump to prevent edema.
For the first 24 hours after amputation
____ a woman should avoid sexual intercourse for 3 weeks if a vaginal approach was used and 6 weeks if the abdominal approach was used.
After hysterectomy
____ characteristically causes progressive muscle rigidity, akinesia, and involuntary tremor.
Parkinson’s disease
____ are characterized by a loss of consciousness and alternating periods of muscle contraction and relaxation.
Tonic-clonic seizures
____ , a life-threatening emergency, is a series of rapidly repeating seizures that occur without intervening periods of consciousness.
Status epilepticus
The ideal donor for kidney transplantation is an ____ . If an identical twin isn’t available, a biological sibling is the next best choice.
identical twin
____ is the leading cancer among women; however, lung cancer accounts for more deaths
Breast cancer
The ___ are as follows: stage 0, carcinoma in situ; stage 1, cancer confined to the cervix; stage II, cancer extending beyond the cervix, but not to the pelvic wall; stage III, cancer extending to the pelvic wall; and stage IV, cancer extending beyond the pelvis or within the bladder or rectum.
stages of cervical cancer
One method used to estimate blood loss after a hysterectomy is counting perineal pads. ____ is considered hemorrhaging.
Saturating more than one pad in 1 hour or eight pads in 24 hours
___ is the most common procedure for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia,
Transurethral resection of the prostate
In a ____ the water in the water-seal chamber normally rises when a patient breathes in and falls when he breathes out.
chest drainage system
___ provides spinal stability through a bone graft, usually from the iliac crest, that fuses two or more vertebrae.
Spinal fusion
A patient who receives any type of transplant must take an ___
immunosuppressant drug for the rest of his life.
____ should be used 5 to 10 times an hour while the patient is awake.
Incentive spirometry
In women, ____ is a common complication of gonorrhea.
pelvic inflammatory disease
Scoliosis is ____
lateral S-shaped curvature of the spine.
Signs and symptoms of the ____ include a rash on the palms and soles, erosion of the oral mucosa, alopecia, and enlarged lymph nodes
secondary stage of syphilis
In a patient who is receiving total parenteral nutrition, the nurse should ___
monitor glucose and electrolyte levels.
Unless contraindicated, on ___ a patient should be turned on his side and his vital signs should be taken.
admission to the postanesthesia care unit
__ is treated by limiting fluid intake and eliminating excess fluid.
Edema
A patient who has had ____ should remain flat for 12 to 24 hours. Vital signs and neuromuscular function should be monitored.
spinal anesthesia
A patient who has ___ should avoid food containing the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and lysine.
maple syrup urine disease
A severe ____ is excessive blood loss that results in shock.
complication of a femur fracture
To prepare a patient for ____, the nurse should ask the patient to void, measure his vital signs, place him in a supine position, and using aseptic technique, insert a catheter through the abdominal wall and into the peritoneal space.
peritoneal dialysis
If more than 3 L of dialysate solution return during peritoneal dialysis, the nurse ____
should notify the physician.
____ is the removal of certain elements from the blood by passing heparinized blood through a semipermeable membrane to the dialysate bath, which contains all of the important electrolytes in their ideal concentrations,
Hemodialysis
____ usually affects the digits first, and begins with skin color changes that progress from gray-blue to dark brown or black.
Gangrene
____ is assessed by evaluating blood urea nitrogen (normal range is 8 to 20 mg/dl) and serum creatinine (normal range is 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dl) levels.
Kidney function
