Medsurg 11

Question 1

A patient with diabetes should ____ because they blunt the rise in glucose level that normally follows a meal.

Answer 1

eat high-fiber foods

Question 2

____ occurs in patients with heart failure because the left ventricle can’t empty the heart of blood as fast as blood enters from the right ventricle, resulting in congestion in the entire venous system.

Answer 2

Jugular vein distention

Question 3

The ___ in the United States are diabetes mellitus and glaucoma.

Answer 3

leading causes of blindness

Question 4

__ , the patient should remain in the semi-Fowler position with his head neither hyperextended nor hyperflexed, to avoid pressure on the suture line. This position can be achieved with the use of a cervical pillow.

Answer 4

After a thyroidectomy

Question 5

____ may cause abdominal distention, engorged and painful breasts, backache, headache, nervousness, irritability, restlessness, and tremors.

Answer 5

Premenstrual syndrome

Question 6

____ (pathologic opening of a wound) consists of covering the wound with a moist sterile dressing and notifying the physician.

Answer 6

Treatment of dehiscence

Question 7

____ blocks the effects of acetylcholine, thereby obstructing its vagal effects on the sinoatrial node and increasing heart rate.

Answer 7

Atropine

Question 8

___ , particularly aspirin, are the treatment of choice in rheumatoid arthritis because they decrease inflammation and relieve joint pain.

Answer 8

Salicylates

Question 9

Deep, intense pain that usually worsens at night and is unrelated to movement suggests ___ .

Answer 9

bone pain

Question 10

___ that follows prolonged or excessive exercise and subsides with rest suggests muscle pain.

Answer 10

Pain

Question 11

The major hemodynamic changes associated with ___ are decreased left ventricular function and decreased cardiac output.

Answer 11

cardiogenic shock

Question 12

____ , the patient should be advised that he may experience hoarseness or loss of his voice for several days after surgery.

Answer 12

Before thyroidectomy

Question 13

Acceptable adverse ____ use include weight gain, acne, headaches, fatigue, and increased urine retention.

Answer 13

effects of long-term steroid

Question 14

____ effects of long-term steroid use are dizziness on rising, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and pain,

Answer 14

Unacceptable adverse

Question 15

____ , nursing care includes maintaining normal intracranial pressure, maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure, and preventing injury related to cerebral and cellular ischemia.

Answer 15

After a craniotomy

Question 16

____ are essential for nucleoprotein synthesis and red blood cell maturation.

Answer 16

Folic acid and vitamin B12

Question 17

Immediately after ____ nursing care includes not giving the patient anything by mouth until the gag and cough reflexes return, monitoring vital signs and assessing, the level of consciousness (LOC) for signs of increasing intracranial pressure, and administering analgesics that don’t mask the LOC

Answer 17

intracranial surgery

Question 18

____ includes postural drainage, chest percussion and vibration, and coughing and deep-breathing exercises.

Answer 18

Chest physiotherapy

Question 19

____ results from excessive levels of adrenocortical hormones and is manifested by fat pads on the face (moon face) and over the upper back (buffalo hump), acne, mood swings, hirsutism, amenorrhea, and decreased libido

Answer 19

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 20

To prevent an ____ when discontinuing long-term prednisone (Deltasone) therapy, the nurse should taper the dose slowly to allow for monitoring of disease flare-ups and for the return of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function,

Answer 20

addisonian crisis

Question 21

____ is a pulse that becomes weak during inspiration and strong during expiration. It may be a sign of cardiac tamponade.

Answer 21

Pulsus paradoxus

Question 22

____ include saliva, mucus, feces, urine, vomitus, blood, and vaginal and penile discharges.

Answer 22

Substances that are expelled through portals of exit

Question 23

A ____ may be transmitted directly, by contact with an infected body or droplets, or indirectly, by contact with contaminated air, soil, water, or fluids.

Answer 23

microorganism

Question 24

A ____ who receives estrogen therapy is at an increased risk for gallbladder disease and breast cancer.

Answer 24

postmenopausal woman

Question 25

The approximate oxygen concentrations delivered by a nasal cannula are as follows: 1 L = 24%, 2 L = 28%,3 L=32%, 4 L=36%, and 5 L = 40%.

Answer 25

No answer

Question 26

Cardinal features of ____ include polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (increased urination to 5 L/24 hours).

Answer 26

diabetes insipidus

Question 27

A patient with low specific gravity (1.001 to 1.005) may have an increased desire for cold water.

Answer 27

No answer

Question 28

___ can occur when the blood glucose level drops below 60 mg/dl.

Answer 28

Diabetic coma

Question 29

For a patient with ____ , the nurse should elevate the head of the bed 8” to 12” (20 to 30 cm), provide a bedside commode, and administer cardiac glycosides and diuretics as prescribed

Answer 29

heart failure

Question 30

The primary reason to ____ with antibiotics is to protect the heart valves and prevent rheumatic fever.

Answer 30

treat streptococcal sore throat

Question 31

A patient with a ____ may lose consciousness during reduction.

Answer 31

nasal fracture

Question 32

____ and change in the voice are commonly the first signs of laryngeal cancer.

Answer 32

Hoarseness

Question 33

The lungs, colon, and rectum are among the ____

Answer 33

most common cancer sites,

Question 34

The most ___ in elderly patients is lower-than-normal total blood volume

Answer 34

common preoperative problem

Question 35

___(Osmitrol), an osmotic diuretic, is administered to reduce intraocular or intracranial pressure.

Answer 35

Mannitol

Question 36

When a ____ is suspected, the nurse should place the patient on the affected side to promote lung expansion on the unaffected side.

Answer 36

stroke

Question 37

For a patient who has had ____ , the nurse should recommend sitting upright and performing coughing and deep-breathing exercises. These actions promote expansion of the lungs, removal of secretions, and optimal pulmonary functioning.

Answer 37

chest surgery

Question 38

During ___ , the sleeper passes through four stages of nonrapid-eyemovement sleep and one stage of rapid-eye-movement sleep.

Answer 38

every sleep cycle

Question 39

A patient who is taking ____ (Calderol) should avoid concomitant use of preparations that contain vitamin D.

Answer 39

calcifediol

Question 40

A patient should begin and end a ____ period with an empty bladder. for example, if the physician orders urine to be collected from 0800 Thursday to 0800 Friday, the urine voided at 0800 Thursday should be discarded and the urine voided at 0800 Friday should be retained.

Answer 40

24-hour urine collection

Question 41

In a patient who is receiving ___ (Lanoxin, a low potassium level increases the risk of digoxin toxicity.

Answer 41

digoxin

Question 42

____ values normally range from 10 to 20 mg/dl.

Answer 42

Blood urea nitrogen

Question 43

____ toxicity is manifested by confusion, hallucinations, and ataxia.

Answer 43

Flurazepam (Dalmane)

Question 44

A ___ is one that has no symptoms.

Answer 44

silent myocardial infarction

Question 45

Adverse reactions to ____ (Isoptin) include dizziness, headache, constipation, hypotension, and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. The drug also may increase the serum digoxin level.

Answer 45

verapamil

Question 46

When a ____ is used to relieve flatulence or enhance peristalsis, it should be inserted for no longer than 20 minutes.

Answer 46

rectal tube