Medsurg 2 Flashcards
If a patient has a gastric drainage tube in place, the nurse should expect the physician to order ____
potassium chloride
An increased ___ is one of the first indications of respiratory difficulty. It occurs because the heart attempts to compensate for a decreased oxygen supply to the tissues by pumping more blood.
pulse rate
___ is characterized by brittle bones, pinpoint peripheral hemorrhages, and friable gums with loosened teeth.
Vitamin C deficiency
____ results from the failure to absorb vitamin B12 in the GI tract and causes primarily GI and neurologic signs and symptoms.
Pernicious anemia
Normally, intraocular pressure is 12 to 20 mm Hg. It can be measured with a ___.
tonometer
To assess capillary refill, the nurse applies pressure over the nail bed until blanching occurs, quickly releases the pressure, and notes the rate at which blanching fades. Capillary refill indicates ____ , which decreases in shock, thereby lengthening refill time. Normal capillary refill is less than 3 seconds.
perfusion
Except for patients with renal failure, urine output of less than 30 ml/hour signifies ___ and the potential for shock.
dehydration
In elderly patients, the most common fracture is ____ . Osteoporosis weakens the bones, predisposing these patients to fracture, which usually results from a fall.
hip fracture
Before ___ , the nurse should ask the patient whether he’s allergic to the dye, shellfish, or iodine and advise him to take nothing by mouth for 8 hours before the procedure.
angiography
During ____ , approximately 10 to 15 ml of cerebrospinal fluid is removed for laboratory studies and an equal amount of contrast media is injected.
myelography
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may indicate ___
heart failure
A patient who takes a cardiac glycoside, such as digoxin, should consume a diet that includes ___ .
high-potassium foods
The nurse should limit tracheobronchial suctioning to ___ and should make only two passes.
10 to 15 seconds
Before performing tracheobronchial suctioning, the nurse should ventilate and oxygenate the patient five to six times with a resuscitation bag and 100% oxygen. This procedure is called ___
Bagging
Signs and symptoms of ___ include tachypnea, restlessness, hypotension, and tracheal deviation.
pneumothorax
The cardinal sign of toxic shock syndrome is ___
rapid onset of a high fever.
key sign of peptic ulcer is ___, which can be bright red or dark red, with the consistency of coffee grounds.
hematemesis
___ is a common adverse reaction to aluminum hydroxide.
Constipation
If the body doesn’t use glucose for energy, it metabolizes fat and produces ____.
ketones
Hypertension and hypokalemia are the most significant clinical manifestations of primary ____
hyperaldosteronism
After percutaneous aspiration of the bladder, the patient’s first void is usually ___: however, urine with trank blood should be reported to the physician.
pink
A patient who is undergoing dialysis should take a vitamin supplement and eat foods that are high in calories, but ____
low in protein, sodium, and potassium
In a patient who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the most effective ways to reduce thick secretions are to ___ to 2,500 ml/day and encourage ambulation.
increase fluid intake
The nurse should teach a patient with emphysema how to perform ____ because this slows expiration, prevents alveolar collapse, and helps to control the respiratory rate.
pursed lip breathing
___ may develop in a patient who has chronic COPD obstructive pulmonary disease.
Clubbing of the digits and a barrel chest
A stroke (“brain attack”) disrupts the brain’s blood supply and may be caused by ___.
hypertension
In a patient who is ____ desired outcomes are normal weight, normal serum albumin level (3.5 to 5.5 g/dl), and adequate protein intake (1.2 to 1.5 g/kg of body weight daily).
undergoing dialysis
Intermittent peritoneal dialysis involves performing three to seven treatments that total ___
40 hours per week
In a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the best way to administer oxygen is by ____ The normal flow rate is 2 to 3 L/minute.
nasal cannula
___ can be administered with a handheld nebulizer or by intermittent positive-pressure breathing
Isoetharine (Bronkosol)
__ is irreversible cessation of brain function.
Brain death
_____ requires four exchanges per day, 7 days per week, for a total of 168 hours per week.
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
The ____ are dry mouth, drowsiness, and blurred vision
classic adverse reactions to antihistamines
Because of the risk of ____ , a patient who has received a general anesthetic can’t take anything by mouth until active bowel sounds are heard in all abdominal quadrants
risk of paralytic ileus
The level of alpha-fetoprotein, a tumor marker, is elevated in patients who have ____.
testicular germ cell cancer
Clinical manifestations of ____caused by bacteria or mumps include high temperature, chills, and sudden pain in the involved testis.
orchitis
The level of prostate-specific antigen is elevated in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or ____
prostate cancer.
The level of prostatic acid phosphatase is elevated in patients with ____
advanced stages of prostate cancer
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), a mydriatic, is instilled in a patient’s eye ____
to dilate the eye
To promote fluid drainage and relieve edema in a patient with ____, the nurse should elevate the scrotum on a scrotal bridge,
epididymitis
__ is commonly used to assess corneal abrasions because it outlines superficial epithelial defects.
Fluorescein staining
__ is loss of near vision as a result of the loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens.
Presbyopia
A sign of acute appendicitis, __ is tenderness at McBurney’s point (about 2” [5 cm] from the right anterior superior iliac spine on a line between the spine and the umbilicus).
McBurney’s sign
When caring for a patient with ____, the nurse should focus on respiratory interventions as the disease process advances.
Guillain - Barre syndrome
Signs and symptoms of ___ include rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits, intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.
colon cancer
Symptoms of ___ include frequent urination and dysuria.
prostatitis
A ___ is a painless, ulcerative lesion that develops during the primary stage of syphilis.
chancre
