Medsurg 10 Flashcards
___ respirations are characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. They occur in patients with central nervous system disorders.
Cheyne-Stokes
___ can result from an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or both.
Hyperventilation
____ is the absence of spontaneous respirations,
Apnea
____ , a patient may receive potassium iodide, antithyroid drugs, and propranolol (Inderal) to prevent thyroid storm during surgery.
Before a thyroidectomy
The normal life span of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is ____
110 to 120 days.
__ means that the patient sees at 20’ (6 m) what a person with normal vision sees at 100’ (30 m).
Visual acuity of 20/100
____ are more common in girls and women than in boys and men because the shorter urethra in the female urinary tract makes the bladder more accessible to bacteria, especially Escherichia coli.
Urinary tract infections
____ is administered orally 1 to 2 hours before meals or 2 to 3 hours after meals because food may interfere with the drug’s absorption
Penicillin
Mild reactions to ____ may include palpitations, tinnitus, vertigo, apprehension, confusion, and a metallic taste in the mouth.
local anesthetics
About 22% of cardiac output goes to the ____ ,
kidneys
To ensure accurate ____ readings, the nurse should place the manometer or transducer level with the phlebostatic axis.
central venous pressure
A patient who has lost 2,000 to 2,500 ml of blood will have a pulse rate of 140 beats/minute (or higher), display a systolic blood pressure of 50 to 60 mm Hg, and appear ____
confused and lethargic.
____ is bright red, flows rapidly, and (because it’s pumped directly from the heart) spurts with each heartbeat.
Arterial blood
____ is dark red and tends to ooze from a wound.
Venous blood
____ is taken with the patient in the supine, sitting, and standing positions, with 1 minute between each reading. A 10-mm Hg decrease in blood pressure or an increase in pulse rate of 10 beats/minute suggests volume depletion.
Orthostatic blood pressure
A ____ should be used cautiously in pregnant women and patients with head injuries.
pneumatic antishock garment
After a patient’s circulating volume is restored, the nurse ____ , starting with the abdominal chamber and followed by each leg The garment should be removed under a physician’s supervision.
should remove the pneumatic antishock garment gradually
Most _____ associated with mismatching of ABO blood types stem from identification number errors.
hemolytic transfusion reactions
Warming of blood to more than 107° F (41.7° C) can cause ____ ,
hemolysis
___ is the amount of blood ejected from the heart each minute. It’s expressed in liters per minute
Cardiac output
____ is the volume of blood ejected from the heart during systole.
Stroke volume
____ contains dextrose, amino acids, and additives, such as electrolytes, minerals, and vitamins,
Total parenteral nutrition solution
The most common type of ____ is spinal shock. It usually occurs 30 to 60 minutes after a spinal cord injury.
neurogenic shock
After a ____ , peristalsis stops within 24 hours and usually returns within 3 to 4 days
spinal cord injury
___ is manifested by a temperature of at least 102° F (38.8° C), an ervthematous rash, and systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. From 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of these signs, desquamation (especially on the palms and soles) occurs.
Toxic shock syndrome
The signs and symptoms of ____ are commonly caused by histamine release.
anaphylaxis
The most common cause of ____ is gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas organisms,
septic shock
____ that resemble heart murmurs and result from turbulent blood flow through a diseased or partially obstructed artery.
Bruits are vascular sounds
Urine pH is normally ____
4.5 to 8.0,
Urine pH of greater than 8.0 can result from a urinary tract infection, a ____ or systemic alkalosis.
high-alkali diet
____ may be caused by a high-protein diet, fever, or metabolic acidosis
Urine pH of less than 4.5
____ , the patient should be placed on a firm surface and positioned on the abdomen. A sandbag is placed under the abdomen to stabilize the kidneys
Before a percutaneous renal biopsy
____ is characterized by marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, mild to severe dependent edema, ascites, and weight gain.
Nephrotic syndrome
____ is a form of therapy performed in a Hubbard tank!
Underwater exercise
Most women with ____ have a malodorous, frothy, greenish gray vaginal discharge. Other women may have no signs or symptoms.
trichomoniasis
____ may be performed to detect bladder and urethral abnormalities. Contrast medium is instilled by gentle syringe pressure through a urethral catheter, and overhead X-ray films are taken to visualize bladder filling and excretion.
Voiding cystourethrography
___ may be performed to identify the cause of urinary tract infections congenital anomalies, and incontinence. It also is used to assess for prostate lobe hypertrophy in men.
Cystourethrography
____ is characterized by recurrent episodes of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. It has two variations. In type 1, the blisters appear in the nasolabial region; in type 2, they appear on the genitals, anus, buttocks, and thighs.
Herpes simplex
Most patients with ____ trachomatis infection are asymptomatic, but some have an inflamed urethral meatus, dysuria, and urinary urgency and frequency,
Chlamydia
The ____ regulates the autonomic nervous system and endocrine functions
hypothalamus
A patient whose _____ is less than normal (3 to 6” [7.5 to 15 cm) must use accessory muscles to breathe.
chest excursion
Signs and symptoms of ___ from thyroid replacement therapy include rapid pulse rate, diaphoresis, irritability, weight loss, dysuria, and sleep disturbance.
toxicity
The most common allergic reaction to penicillin is a ___
rash
An ____ is deep, rapid respirations.
early sign of aspirin toxicity
The most serious and irreversible consequence of ____ is mental retardation, which results from neurologic damage.
lead poisoning
_____ in the adult, the nurse should check skin turgor on the sternum.
To assess dehydration
For a patient with a ____ , the type of diet is less important than including foods in the diet that the patient can tolerate
peptic ulcer
A patient with a ____ must establish an irrigation schedule so that regular emptying of the bowel occurs without stomal discharge between irrigations. When using rotating tourniquets, the nurse shouldn’t restrict the blood supply to an arm or leg for more than 45 minutes at a time.
colostomy
