Medsurg 10 Flashcards

1
Q

___ respirations are characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. They occur in patients with central nervous system disorders.

A

Cheyne-Stokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___ can result from an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or both.

A

Hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ is the absence of spontaneous respirations,

A

Apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ , a patient may receive potassium iodide, antithyroid drugs, and propranolol (Inderal) to prevent thyroid storm during surgery.

A

Before a thyroidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The normal life span of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is ____

A

110 to 120 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__ means that the patient sees at 20’ (6 m) what a person with normal vision sees at 100’ (30 m).

A

Visual acuity of 20/100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ are more common in girls and women than in boys and men because the shorter urethra in the female urinary tract makes the bladder more accessible to bacteria, especially Escherichia coli.

A

Urinary tract infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ is administered orally 1 to 2 hours before meals or 2 to 3 hours after meals because food may interfere with the drug’s absorption

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mild reactions to ____ may include palpitations, tinnitus, vertigo, apprehension, confusion, and a metallic taste in the mouth.

A

local anesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

About 22% of cardiac output goes to the ____ ,

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

To ensure accurate ____ readings, the nurse should place the manometer or transducer level with the phlebostatic axis.

A

central venous pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A patient who has lost 2,000 to 2,500 ml of blood will have a pulse rate of 140 beats/minute (or higher), display a systolic blood pressure of 50 to 60 mm Hg, and appear ____

A

confused and lethargic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ is bright red, flows rapidly, and (because it’s pumped directly from the heart) spurts with each heartbeat.

A

Arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ is dark red and tends to ooze from a wound.

A

Venous blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ is taken with the patient in the supine, sitting, and standing positions, with 1 minute between each reading. A 10-mm Hg decrease in blood pressure or an increase in pulse rate of 10 beats/minute suggests volume depletion.

A

Orthostatic blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A ____ should be used cautiously in pregnant women and patients with head injuries.

A

pneumatic antishock garment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

After a patient’s circulating volume is restored, the nurse ____ , starting with the abdominal chamber and followed by each leg The garment should be removed under a physician’s supervision.

A

should remove the pneumatic antishock garment gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most _____ associated with mismatching of ABO blood types stem from identification number errors.

A

hemolytic transfusion reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Warming of blood to more than 107° F (41.7° C) can cause ____ ,

A

hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___ is the amount of blood ejected from the heart each minute. It’s expressed in liters per minute

A

Cardiac output

21
Q

____ is the volume of blood ejected from the heart during systole.

A

Stroke volume

22
Q

____ contains dextrose, amino acids, and additives, such as electrolytes, minerals, and vitamins,

A

Total parenteral nutrition solution

23
Q

The most common type of ____ is spinal shock. It usually occurs 30 to 60 minutes after a spinal cord injury.

A

neurogenic shock

24
Q

After a ____ , peristalsis stops within 24 hours and usually returns within 3 to 4 days

A

spinal cord injury

25
Q

___ is manifested by a temperature of at least 102° F (38.8° C), an ervthematous rash, and systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. From 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of these signs, desquamation (especially on the palms and soles) occurs.

A

Toxic shock syndrome

26
Q

The signs and symptoms of ____ are commonly caused by histamine release.

A

anaphylaxis

27
Q

The most common cause of ____ is gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas organisms,

A

septic shock

28
Q

____ that resemble heart murmurs and result from turbulent blood flow through a diseased or partially obstructed artery.

A

Bruits are vascular sounds

29
Q

Urine pH is normally ____

A

4.5 to 8.0,

30
Q

Urine pH of greater than 8.0 can result from a urinary tract infection, a ____ or systemic alkalosis.

A

high-alkali diet

31
Q

____ may be caused by a high-protein diet, fever, or metabolic acidosis

A

Urine pH of less than 4.5

32
Q

____ , the patient should be placed on a firm surface and positioned on the abdomen. A sandbag is placed under the abdomen to stabilize the kidneys

A

Before a percutaneous renal biopsy

33
Q

____ is characterized by marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, mild to severe dependent edema, ascites, and weight gain.

A

Nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

____ is a form of therapy performed in a Hubbard tank!

A

Underwater exercise

35
Q

Most women with ____ have a malodorous, frothy, greenish gray vaginal discharge. Other women may have no signs or symptoms.

A

trichomoniasis

36
Q

____ may be performed to detect bladder and urethral abnormalities. Contrast medium is instilled by gentle syringe pressure through a urethral catheter, and overhead X-ray films are taken to visualize bladder filling and excretion.

A

Voiding cystourethrography

37
Q

___ may be performed to identify the cause of urinary tract infections congenital anomalies, and incontinence. It also is used to assess for prostate lobe hypertrophy in men.

A

Cystourethrography

38
Q

____ is characterized by recurrent episodes of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. It has two variations. In type 1, the blisters appear in the nasolabial region; in type 2, they appear on the genitals, anus, buttocks, and thighs.

A

Herpes simplex

39
Q

Most patients with ____ trachomatis infection are asymptomatic, but some have an inflamed urethral meatus, dysuria, and urinary urgency and frequency,

A

Chlamydia

40
Q

The ____ regulates the autonomic nervous system and endocrine functions

A

hypothalamus

41
Q

A patient whose _____ is less than normal (3 to 6” [7.5 to 15 cm) must use accessory muscles to breathe.

A

chest excursion

42
Q

Signs and symptoms of ___ from thyroid replacement therapy include rapid pulse rate, diaphoresis, irritability, weight loss, dysuria, and sleep disturbance.

A

toxicity

43
Q

The most common allergic reaction to penicillin is a ___

A

rash

44
Q

An ____ is deep, rapid respirations.

A

early sign of aspirin toxicity

45
Q

The most serious and irreversible consequence of ____ is mental retardation, which results from neurologic damage.

A

lead poisoning

46
Q

_____ in the adult, the nurse should check skin turgor on the sternum.

A

To assess dehydration

47
Q

For a patient with a ____ , the type of diet is less important than including foods in the diet that the patient can tolerate

A

peptic ulcer

48
Q

A patient with a ____ must establish an irrigation schedule so that regular emptying of the bowel occurs without stomal discharge between irrigations. When using rotating tourniquets, the nurse shouldn’t restrict the blood supply to an arm or leg for more than 45 minutes at a time.

A

colostomy