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dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

exocrine function of testis

A

production of spermatozoa

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2
Q

endocrine function of testis

A

secretion of testosterone

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3
Q

Accessory reproductive glands

A

seminal vesicle
prostate gland
cowper’s gland/bulbo-urethral glands

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4
Q

organ of copulation

A

Penis

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5
Q

Testicular capsule:

outer layer

A

Tunica vaginalis

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6
Q

Testicular capsule

most prominent layer

A

Tunica albuginea

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7
Q

Testicular capsule:

innermost layer

A

Tunica vasculosa

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8
Q

testicular capsule is capable of

A

contraction

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9
Q

Few & found in between the spermatogenic cells

Tall, columnar, pillar-like cells extending upward through the full thickness of the epithelium

A

sertoli cells

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10
Q

functions of sertoli cells

A

Functions:

For mechanical support & protection of the developing sperm cells

Play an active role in the release of mature spermatozoa

Phagocytic activity – digest cytoplasmic fragments

Steroid production from progesterone

  1. Secretes androgen binding protein &
    inhibin in the adult
  2. Receptor-mediated binding of testosterone &
    its metabolism to dehydrotestosterone
  3. Serves as a conduit for the passage of
    nutrients from the blood vascular system to
    the spermatocytes & spermatids
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11
Q

Sperm cells closely associated between Sertoli cells

4-8 layers from the basal lamina to the lumen

Differentiate progressively from basal region to the lumen

Most mature are nearest to the lumen

A

spermatogenic cells

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12
Q

Comprises the entire sequence of events by which the spermatogonia are transformed into spermatozoa

A

spermatogenesis

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13
Q

PHASE OF SPERMATOGENESIS

The most primitive spermatogonia give rise to several successive generations of spermatogonia and yields spermatocytes

A

Spermatocytogenesis

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14
Q

PHASE OF SPERMATOGENESIS
The spermatocytes undergo two maturation division which reduce the chromosomal number by half & produce a cluster of spermatids

A
  1. Meiosis
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15
Q

PHASE OF SPERMATOGENESIS

The spermatids undergo a series of cytological transformation leading to formation of spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

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16
Q

Slender motile flagellated bodies

A

Mature sperm

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17
Q

3 Phases of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatocytogenesis
2. Meiosis
Spermiogenesis

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18
Q

single ejaculation contains how many sperms

A

200-600 M

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19
Q

Inactive in the ducts; activated by secretions of accessory genital glands

Longer lifespan in the male genital tract than in the female reproductive tract

A

Mature Sperm

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20
Q

parts of the mature sperm

A

head

tail

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21
Q

parts of the tail of mature sperm

A

a. Neck
b. Middle piece
c. Principal piece
d. End piece

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22
Q

part of sperm
Flattened ovall body, pear shaped

Made up of the nucleus carrying all genetic traits

Acrosomal cap

A

head

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23
Q

part of sperm tail
Core – axoneme

Ring of 9 dense course fibers

Mitochondrial sheath

A

middle piece

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24
Q

part of sperm tail
Longest portion

Absence of mitochondrial sheath

Outer course fibers and fibrous sheath

A

Principal piece

25
part of sperm tail Short slender terminal segment Covered only by flagellar membrane
End Piece
26
Endocrine component of the testis Produces androgens Irregular polyhedral closely packed, occurring in clusters With extensive SER
Interstitial Cell of Leydig
27
Short straight continuation of the seminifrous tubule w/o Spermatogenic cells; only sertoli cells
tubuli recti
28
Network of anastomosing channels found in the mediastinum Cuboidal lining epithelium
rete testis
29
Arises from the rete testis Forms 10 conical bodies (coni vasculosi)
Ductuli Efferentes
30
Lined by alternating tall ciliated and short non-ciliated (uneven/scalloped epithelium) Non-ciliated cells with microvilli coated with glycocalyx W/ only motile cilia in the male repro tract
Ductuli Efferentes
31
Fusion of the coni vasculosi forms a single highly coiled duct Site of sperm accumulation, storage & maturity Head, body & tail
epididymis
32
Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocila Presence of smooth musculature gradually increasing in thickness from proximal to distal
epididymis
33
epithelium of epididymis
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocila
34
Straight tube, direct continuation of the epididymis
ductus deferens
35
Ductus Deferens | 3 coats
Mucosa Muscularis Fibrosa
36
coat of ductus deferens Thrown into folds (star-shaped appearance) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Mucosa:
37
coat of ductus deferens | Thickest coat
muscularis
38
3 smooth muscle layers of muscularis
- inner longitudinal - middle circular - outer longitudinal
39
coat of ductus deferens Fibroelastic CT
Adventitia:
40
Short, terminal segment formed at the junction of the ampulla & the excretory ducts of the seminal vesicle Pierces the prostate gland & opens in the urethra
ejaculatory duct
41
Thin mucosa thrown into folds Simple columnar epithelium / pseudostratified columnar epithelium Transitional epithelium near the urethral opening
ejaculatory duct
42
Highly convoluted glandular outpocketings that opens in the ductus deferens at the junction of the ampulla and ejaculatory duct Yellowish viscid alkaline fluid w/ fructose, fibrinogen & Vit.C Not storage site for spermatozoa
seminal vesicle
43
Mucosa is highly folded forming irregular chambers (honeycomb appearance) Prominent muscular wall (inner & outer longitudinal)
seminal vesicle
44
Lining epithelium – pseudostratified non-ciliated Smooth muscle supplied by SNS; contracts during ejaculation forcing secretions into the urethra via the ampulla
seminal vesicle
45
Large unpaired gland surrounding the first part of the urethra Secretions make up 75% of semen; thin, milky; rich in citric acid & hydrolytic enzymes Dependent on androgens for its secretory activities
prostate gland
46
Made up of 30-50 tubulo-alveolar gland Stroma & capsule consist of dense fibroelastic CT w/ numerous smooth muscle innervated by SNS
prostate gland
47
Secretory alveoli lined by simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar non-ciliated epithelium Epithelium folded into irregular projections dividing the lumen into compartments Prostatic concretions/corpora amylacea
prostate gland
48
prostate gland is divided into
peripheral and central portion
49
portion of prostate gland | composed of paraurethral glands that open into the prostatic urethra; BPH
central portion
50
portion of prostate gland | composed of tubulo-alveolar glands; prostatic malignancy
peripheral portion
51
Cowper’s gland Two small glands located close to the bulb of the urethra Compound tubulo-alveolar gland with tubules/ducts
Bulbourethral Gland
52
Secrete mucus into the urethra for epithelial lubrication
Bulbourethral Gland
53
Lining epithelium of Bulbourethral Gland
simple columnar
54
Paired corpora cavernosa & single corpus spongiosum Condensed fibroelastic around the cavernous bodies continuous with the loose hypodermis Pectinifrom septum
penis
55
consist of cavernous sinuses supported by trabeculae (fibroelastic tissue w/ smooth muscles)
erectile tissues of penis
56
end of excitement; sympathetic NS
Detumescence
57
erection involves the _________ ANS
parasympathetic
58
Vascular sinuses of penis supplied by
helicine arteries
59
The product of ejaculation (spermatozoa & seminal fluid); 3.5 ml containing 50-150 million spematozoa/ml Capacitation in female genital tract Fructose & citrate for motility Crystals of Bottcher
semen

dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine (57 decks)

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