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dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine > Epithelial Tissue - Histo Lec > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue - Histo Lec Flashcards

1
Q

aggregates or groups of cells organized to perform one or more specific functions.

A

tissues

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2
Q

Four basic types of tissues:

– covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and forms glands

A

Epithelium

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3
Q

Four basic types of tissues:

underlies or supports the other three basic tissues, both structurally and functionally.

A

Connective

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4
Q

Four basic types of tissues:

made up of contractile cells and is responsible for movement

A

Muscle

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5
Q

Four basic types of tissues:
receives, transmits, and integrates information from outside and inside the body to control activities of the body.

A

Nerve

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6
Q

Avascular tissues

A

epithelial tissue

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7
Q

Covers body surfaces,

As receptors for the special senses

A

epithelial tissue

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8
Q

lines body cavities,

A

epithelial tissue

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9
Q

and constitutes glands;

A

epithelial tissue

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10
Q

Sheet of cells lying close together

A

epithelial tissue

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11
Q

Continuous sheet w/ little extracellular matrix

A

epithelial tissue

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12
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

a. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the epithelial cells of lung alveoli and capillaries

A

Transcellular Transport

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13
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

b. Carrier-protein mediated transport of amino acids

A

Transcellular Transport

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14
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

c. Vesicle-mediated transport of IgA and other molecules

A

Transcellular Transport

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15
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

Occurs via endocytosis and pinocytosis (columnar epithelium of the intestines and proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney)

A

Absorption

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16
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

Occurs via exocytosis (different glands produce perspiration, oil, digestive enzymes and mucus)

A

Secretion

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17
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

From abrasion and injury by the epithelial layer of the skin and gall bladder.

A

Protection

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18
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

Lining of Kidney tubules filtering wastes from blood plasma

A

Filtration

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19
Q

Structure of simple squamous

A

Single Layer of flattened cells

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20
Q

Function of simple squamous

A

Absorption, and filtration

Not effective protection – single layer of cells

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21
Q

Location of simple squamous

A

Walls of capillaries, air sacs in lungs
Form serous membranes in body cavity
Mesothelium (lining of peritoneum and pleura )
Endothelium (lining of blood vessels)

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22
Q

Structure of simple cuboidal

A

Single layer of cube shaped cells

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23
Q

Function of simple cuboidal

A

Secretion and transportation in glands, filtration in kidneys

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24
Q

Location of simple cuboidal

A

Glands and ducts (pancreas & salivary), kidney tubules, covers ovaries

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25
Q

Structure of simple columnar

A

Elongated layer of cells with nuclei at same level

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26
Q

Function of simple columnar

A

Absorption, Protection & Secretion

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27
Q

Special Features of simple columnar

A

Microvilli, finger-like projections of the apical surface, increase surface area for absorption
Goblet cells, single cell glands, produce protective mucus.

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28
Q

Location of simple columnar

A

Linings of entire digestive tract, gall bladder, uterus, kidney tubules

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29
Q

When open to body cavities, simple columnar are called ______

A

mucous membranes

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30
Q

Structure of pseudostratified

A

Irregularly shaped cells with nuclei at different levels – appear stratified, but aren’t.
All cells reach basement membrane

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31
Q

Function of pseudostratified

A

Absorption and Secretion

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32
Q

Features of pseudostratified

A

Goblet cells produce mucus

Cilia – hair-like projections; move fluid over cell surface or confer cell motility (larger than microvilli)

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33
Q

Location of pseudostratified

A

Respiratory Linings & Reproductive tract

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34
Q

Structure of stratified squamous

A

Several layer of cells with :

a. flattened cells (upper layer); 
b. polyhedral cells (middle layer)
c. columnar cells (basal layer).
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35
Q

Types of stratified squamous

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinizing – flattened surface cells retain their nuclei; found in vagina, esophagus and tongue.
Stratified squamous keratinizing – flattened surface cells lose their nuclei, form a layer of dead keratinized cells; found in the skin

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36
Q

Also known as Urothelium

A

transitional epithelium

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37
Q

Location of transitional epithelium

A

Renal pelvis, urinary bladder, ureters & proximal 1/3 of urethra.

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38
Q

Function of transitional epithelium

A

Allows stretching (change size)

39
Q

Structure of transitional epithelium

A

Many layers
Superficially located umbrella-shaped cells; pyriform cells in the middle layer and columnar or polyhedral cells in the most basal layer.

40
Q 
rare
cube-shaped
commonly cells make up two layers

protection of larger ducts: pancreas, salivary, and sweat glands 
mammary gland in the breast
A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL

41
Q

Basal cells are typically cuboidal with surface cells either columnar or cuboidal in appearance

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL

42
Q

rare
secretion and protection

intestinal lining - ciliated to help move nutrients and increase absorption, also protects against pathogens/bacteria

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

43
Q

often found between simple columnar epithelia and stratified squamous epithelia

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

44
Q

found near salivary glands - cell lining protects the salivary duct, goblet cells found between the cells

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

45
Q

found in vas deferens where it protects and aids in secretion of glands

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

46
Q

also form layers in ocular conjunctiva and the linings of the pharynx, anus, uterus, urethra

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

47
Q

Three principal characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

a. Closely apposed and adhere to one another by means of specific cell-to-cell adhesion molecules (cell junctions)
b. Functional and morphologic polarity: three morphologic domains

c. Basement membrane

48
Q

refers to the asymmetric organization of different aspects of the cell including the cell surface, intracellular organelles and the cytoskeleton

A

Polarity -

49
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium
Finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane of apical epithelial cell
Increase surface area for absorption

A

microvilli

50
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium

found in small intestine, kidney tubules

A

microvilli

51
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium

Does not conform to the function of cilia

A

Stereocilia

52
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium

Longer than microvilli but less motile

A

Stereocilia

53
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium

Does not conform to the function of cilia

A

Stereocilia

54
Q

location of Stereocilia

A

epididymis & ductus deferens

55
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium

(eg.) respiratory tubes
Whip-like/hair-like projections, motile extensions
Moves mucus, etc. over epithelial surface 1-way (moves mucus upward but not downward)

A

Cilia:

56
Q

Features of Apical Surface of Epithelium
(eg.) spermatozoa
Extra long cilia
Moves cell

A

Flagella:

57
Q

Contain specialized junctions that contain cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and restrict movement of materials into and out of lamina.

A

THE LATERAL DOMAIN

58
Q

Membrane-associated structures that functions in cell-to-cell attachment of columnar epithelial cells.

A

JUNCTIONAL COMPLEX

59
Q

Three distinct components of junctional complex

A
  1. Tight Junctions (zonula occludens)
  2. Anchoring Junctions
    a. belt desmosomes, zonula adherens b. desmosome (macula adherens)
60
Q

Formed by the fusion of the outer leaflets of cell’s plasma membrane

ex . Active transport-Prevents back-diffusion of transported substances

A

Tight Junctions (zonula occludens)

61
Q

Junction for

Sealing off intercellular space

A

Tight Junctions (zonula occludens)

62
Q

Prevents digested macromolecules passing thru adjacent cells (impermeable barrier)

A

Tight Junctions (zonula occludens)

63
Q

Analogous to fascia occludens on adjacent endothelial cells lining capillaries

A

Tight Junctions (zonula occludens)

64
Q

Has 4 transmembrane – tightly attach cellular membrane

-aid in attachment

A

Tight Junctions (zonula occludens)

65
Q

Provides mechanical stability to group of epithelial cells

A

anchoring junctions

66
Q

Provide lateral adhesions between epithelial cells

A

anchoring junctions

67
Q

Cell Adhesion Molecules on both lateral and basal domain

A

anchoring junctions

68
Q
  1. surrounds the entire perimeter of epithelial cells just basal to the tight junction
A

a. Zonula Adherens aka belt desmosomes

69
Q
  1. contains adhesion molecule “E-cadherin”
A

a. Zonula Adherens aka belt desmosomes

70
Q

feature of Zonula Adherens aka belt desmosomes

mediates attachment of E-cadherin

A

Extracellular Accessory Link/Ion (Ca2+)

71
Q

feature of Zonula Adherens aka belt desmosomes

attached to the transmembrane link protein

A

Intracellular Link Protein

72
Q

Localized spot-like junction between epithelial cells

Each has intracellular plaque

A

Macula Adherens “desmosome”

73
Q

dense plaque of intercellular which consists of several link protein attachment proteins on cytoplasmic surface of each opposing cell.

A

desmoplakins

74
Q

loop into and out of the desmoplakins

A

Keratin –

75
Q

– transmembrane linker glycoproteins between adjacent cells mediates the attachment

A

Desmogleins and desmocollins

76
Q

Allows selective diffusion of molecules; cell-cell communication

A

Gap Junctions Communicating junctions or nexus

77
Q

Is not a part of the junctional complex

A

Gap Junctions Communicating junctions or nexus

78
Q

Has pores for substance passage

A

Gap Junctions Communicating junctions or nexus

79
Q

Common also in CNS, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle pass signals involved in contraction from one cell to another

A

Gap Junctions Communicating junctions or nexus

80
Q

Plaque-like(circular patch)entity composed of channels called “Connexons”

A

Gap Junctions Communicating junctions or nexus

81
Q

– six cylindrical connexins around a central channel

A

Connexons

82
Q

alter conformation to shut off communication between cells

A

Connexins -

83
Q

visible only by E.M.

A

Basal Lamina

84
Q

Consists of Matrix protein: type IV collagen, laminin, entactin + perlacan, and proteoglycans

A

Basal Lamina

85
Q

composition of matrix protein of basal lamina

A

type IV collagen, laminin, entactin + perlacan, and proteoglycans

86
Q

two zones of Basal Lamina

lies next to the plasma membrane

A
  1. lamina lucida (lamina rara) –
87
Q

two zones of Basal Lamina

lies adjacent to the reticular lamina of deeper C.T.

A
  1. lamina densa –
88
Q

Basal lamina + reticular lamina

A

Basement membrane

89
Q

Attachment of epithelial cells to underlying support tissue

A

Basement membrane

90
Q

Mediate adhesion of Epithelial cells to the underlying extracellular matrix

A

B. Hemidesmosomes

91
Q

Found in basal surface of basal cells (tracheal epithelium and stratified squamous).

A

B. Hemidesmosomes

92
Q

Dense cytoplasmic plaque linked via integrins to laminins in the basal lamina

A

B. Hemidesmosomes

93
Q

Type VII collagen from the basal lamina extend deeper into the underlying connective tissue and insert into plaques of type IV collagen.

A

B. Hemidesmosomes

94
Q

“Cell-to-Extracellular Matrix Junctions”

A

B. Hemidesmosomes

dHA 2nd year - Botanical medicine (57 decks)

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