HISTO LEC - Bone and Cartilage Flashcards
Consistency of ECM of cartilage
gel-like
a type of supportive CT which Bear Mechanical Stress without permanent distortion
cartilage
components of cartilage
chondrocytes and ECM
the chondrocytes of cartilage are located in a
lacuna
a component of cartilage responsible for the synthesis and excretion of ECM materials
chondrocytes
nourishment of cartilage is through
diffusion
cartilage is vascular or avascular
avascular
a dense irregular CT w/c surrounds the cartilage
vascular; has nerves and lymphatic vessels
perichondrium
perichondrium is only present in
hyaline and elastic cartilage
most common and most studied cartilage
hyaline
glassy and transparent/translucent cartilage
hyaline
bluish white and transluscent cartilage
hyaline
type of cartilage that serves as a temporary skeleton of the bone
hyaline
location of hyaline cartilage
Location: trachea, larynx, bronchi, anterior ends of ribs,
Function of hyaline
provides smooth surface for movement of joints,
flexibility and support
cartilage which Contains elastic fibers
Function = gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility
elastic cartilage
cartilage Yellowish color when unstained
elastic cartilage
location of elastic cartilage
Found in external ear, auditory tubes, epiglottis.
Function of elastic cartilage
gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility
type of cartilage Intermediate between Dense CT and Hyaline CT
fibrocartilage
type of cartilage
contains bundles of collagen in the matrix that are usually more visible under microscopy
fibrocartilage
location of fibrocartilage
Found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and attachments of certain ligaments.
Function of fibrocartilage
support and fusion, and absorbs shocks.
cartilage that Do not possess distinct perichondrium
fibrocartilage
major component of intervertebral disks
Annulus fibrosus (Type I collagen) Nucleus Pulposus (Hyaluronic acid)
type of supportive CT
Main constituent of the adult skeleton (206)
Mineralized Tissue
OSSEOUS TISSUE
Functions of osseous tissue:
> Support soft tissues and provides attachment
Protects internal organs
Stores minerals
Hematopoiesis
component of osseous tissue responsible for tenacity,
elasticity, resilience
organic or living components
component of osseous tissue responsible for hardness and rigidity
Inorganic (non- living) components
found in lacuna(cavities), between layers (lamellae) of the bone matrix; located exclusively at the the surface of the bone matrix
Osteocytes:
bone formers; synthesize the organic components (peptidogycans, matrix products and type I collagen)
Osteoblasts:
giant cells involved in bone resorption and remodelling of bone tissue; and they are found in the endosteum
Osteoclasts:
mature bone cells
osteocytes
structural element of osseous tissue thin cylindrical spaces function for communication and exchange
Canaliculi:
function of canaliculi
function for communication and exchange
Forms the foci of hydroxyapatite formation
Matrix vesicles
New bone layer
Osteoid
Other secretions of the osteoblast
Osteocalcin
Osteoblast are derived from
Osteoprogenitor cells
Found in the endoteum and periosteum
Osteoblasts
Young form of osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Shape of lacuna
Spindle
Shape of osteocyte
Almond
Almond shaped with long cytoplasmic granules that penetrate the canaliculu
Osteocytes
Location of osteoclasts
Resorption bays or howship lacunae
Active state of osteoblasts
Cuboidal to columnar shape
Active state of osteoclast
Ruffled border
How many percent of matrix is inirganic
50%
3 components of matrix
Hydroxyapatite
Type I collagen
Osteonectin (promote calcification)
Fibers that bind periosteum to bone
Sharpey’s fibers
Compact bone made up of
Osteob
Spongy bone made up of
Spicules/trabeculae
Types of periosteum
Fibrous layer
Cellular layer
Found in haversian canal
Function forcommunication between osteons
Horizontal junctions
Volkmann’s canals
Location of brown adipose tissue
limited distribution
Location of reticular tissue
liver, spleen, lymph node
Location of adenoid tissue
Peyer’s patches, lamina propria in villi of small intestine
Function of dense regular
provides attachment
function of dense irregular
provides strength
> support structures with some pressure and low friction
> areolar tissues
Loose CT
> resistance and protection
> predominance of collagen fibers
> dense regular or dense irregular
Dense CT
type of CT proper
Very common type of CT
Loose
type of CT proper
Supports epithelial tissues, forms a layer around blood vessels and fills the spaces between muscle and nerve fibers
Loose
type of CT proper
Contains all the CT components
> fibroblasts and macrophages (numerous)
> fibers
Loose
type of CT proper
Flexible, well vascularized but not very resistant to stress.
Loose
type of Loose CT
consists of all 3 types of fibers, several types of cells, and semi-fluid ground substance
Areolar CT
type of Loose CT
found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs
Areolar CT
type of Loose CT function = strength, support and elasticity
Areolar CT
consists of adipocytes;
“signet ring” appearing fat cells.
Adipose tissue
supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve
Adipose tissue
Location: found in subcutaneous layer, around organs and in the yellow marrow of long bones
Adipose tissue
function = supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve
Adipose tissue
type of adipose
long term energy storage
unilocular; signet ring appearance
White Adipose
why the multilocular adipose tissue is brown
many mitochondria
type of adipose
heat production
multilocular; limited distribution
brown
type of loose CT
Consists of fine interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells
Reticular CT
type of loose CT
Function = forms the framework (stroma) of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells
Reticular CT
type of loose CT
Found in liver, spleen and lymph nodes
Reticular CT
type of loose
Description:
consists of widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jellylike ground substance
Mucous
Type of CT proper
Provide better resistance and protection
dense CT
Type of CT proper
Fewer cells and more fibers (collagen)
Dense CT
Consist mainly of collagen fibers arranged in parallel patterns
Dense Regular
Location:
tendons, ligament
Function:
provides attachment
Dense Regular
Description:
consists of collagen fibers randomly arranged and few fibroblast
Location:
perichondrium of cartilage, various organs (liver and kidney), pericardium of the heart
Function:
provides strength
dense irregular
irregularly scattered in a loose manner
Seen in: lamina propia of the villi of the small intestines and in some lymphoid organs
and Peyer’s patches.
adenoid tissue
Dense/compact lymphoid tissue consists of abundant lymphoid cells closely packed together, either as lymph nodules/lymph follicles or lymphatic cords.
adenoid tissue
ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FIRM CONSISTENCY OF CARTILAGE
GAGS PROTEOGLYCANS AND MACROMOLECULES AND FIBERS
location of hyaline
trachea
bronchi
anterior ends of ribs
larynx
functions of hyaline
provide smooth surface for movement of joints
flexibility and support
component of the matrix of hyaline
binds to GAGs, collagen type II and integrins to mediate adherence
chondronectin
composition of hyaline matrix
40% Type II collagen, type 6 and type 9
hyaline matrix is embedded in a
gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins
shape of young chondrocytes
elliptical
group of chondrocytes is called
isogenous aggregates
metabolism of chondrocytes
anaerobic
growth of chondrocytes is maintained by
somatotropin
perichondrium is composed of what type of collagen
type I
Cartilage with elastic fibers
elastic cartilage
color of elastic cartilage when unstained
yellow
function of elastic cartilage
maintain shape, support, flexibility
elastic cartilage is found in
epiglottis, auditory tube, external ear
function of fibrocartilage
absorbs shock
support and fusion
location of fibrocaartilage
pubic symphysis
intervertebral discs
another name for type I collagen
annulus fibrosus
another name for hyaluronic acid
nucleus pulposus
functions of osseous tissue
protects internal organs stores minerals hematopoiesis supports soft tissues provides attachment
type of bone cells
; synthesize the organic components (peptidogycans, matrix products and type I collagen)
osteoblast
location of osteoclasts
endosteum
location of osteoblasts
endosteum and periosteum
a CT layer composed of osteoprogenitor cells that would later become osteoblasts and these are important in bone growth and repair
periosteum
target is the osteoblast and controls it activity by inhibiting osteoid production and release of a cytokine called osteoclast stimulating factor
PTH
target of PTH
osteoblast
new uncalcified layer is called
osteoid
other secretions of osteoblasts
osteocalcin
perforating canals; transverse or oblique canals
Volkmann Canal:
type of membrane
Line sealed internal cavities
Forms transudate
serous membrane
type of membrane
Line cavities that communicate with the exterior
Contain lamina propria
Mucous membranes
type of membrane
Covers the body surface
cutaneous
type of membrane
Incomplete lining within joint cavities
Produces synovial fluid which provides oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes
Synovial membrane
Location of white adipose tissue
–
Location of mucous CT
wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord
Location of dense regular
tendons, ligaments
Location of dense irregular
perichondrium of cartilage, pericardium of heart, various organs (liver and kidney)
Location of Areolar
found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs
Location of loose CT
–
Function of Mucous Tissue
support
Function of Adenoid TIssue
?
Function of Reticular Tissue
forms stroma of organs
binds smooth muscle tissue cells
Function of Brown Adipose Tissue
heat production
Function of White Adipose Tissue
long term energy storage
Function of Dense CT
resistance and protection
Function of Areolar CT
strength, support and elasticity
Function of Loose CT
Support structure with some degree of pressure and low friction
Types of Specialized CT
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
Classification of CT
CT Proper and Specialized CT
Types of Loose CT
Areolar
Adenoid
Mucous
Reticular
Types of CT Proper
dense CT
Loose CT
Regions where bones are capped and surrounded by CT
Joints
Holds the bones together
Joints
Joinfree bone movement
Diarthroses
Joint
Limited or no bone movement
Synarthroses
> CT Linings of osseous tissue
> Endosteum
> Periosteum
