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developmental psychology > Major Theories for Understanding Human Development > Flashcards

Major Theories for Understanding Human Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Knowledge of the world based on senses and motor skills; mental representation used by the end of the period

A

Sensorimotor

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2
Q

Symbols such as words and numbers are used within this stage to represent aspects of the world. However, relating to said world only through their perspective.

A

Preoperational Thought

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3
Q

Within this stage, logical operations are understood and applied to experiences - provided one is focused on the here and now.

A

Concrete Operational Thought

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4
Q

Abstract thinking, dealing with hypothetical situations, and speculation about what may be possible are characteristics of…?

A

Formal Operational Thought

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5
Q

Knowledge gained from trusted other and what is known is considered absolutely correct.

A

Prereflective Reasoning

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6
Q

Knowledge is uncertain; judgements are viewed as situationally determined and idiosyncratic

A

Quasi-Reflective Reasoning

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7
Q

Decisions based on best evidence available that are valid; decisions open to revision based on new evidence.

A

Reflective Reasoning

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8
Q

The approximate age for the Sensorimotor Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

Birth to 2 years old

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9
Q

The approximate age for the Preoperational Thought Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

2 to 6 years old

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10
Q

The approximate age for the Concrete Operational Thought Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

7 years to early adolescence

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11
Q

The approximate age for the Formal Operational Thought Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

Adolescence and Beyond

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12
Q

The approximate age for the Prereflective Reasoning Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

Early Adulthood and Beyond

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13
Q

The approximate age for the Quasi-reflective Reasoning Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

Mid-20’s and Beyond

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14
Q

The approximate age for the Reflective Reasoning Stage under the Stages of Cognitive Development is…?

A

Midlife and Beyond

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15
Q

Who created the Ecological Systems Theory?

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

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16
Q

The _____ is a system composed of things that have direct contact with the child in their immediate environment. Ex: Parents

A

Microsystem

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17
Q

The _____ is a system composed of interactions between different microsystems in the child’s life. This may also involve interactions between peers and family.
Ex: If a child’s friends use drugs, this may introduce substance use

A

Mesosystem

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18
Q

The _____ is a system that focuses on how cultural elements affect a child’s development, consisting of cultural ideologies, attitudes, and social conditions that children are immersed in.
Ex: Boys raised in patriarchal cultures might be socialized to assume domineering masculine roles.

A

Macrosystem

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19
Q

The _____ is a system that incorporates other formal and informal social structures. While not directly interacting with the child, this system still influences the microsystems.
Ex: A parent’s stressful job and work schedule affects their availability, resources, and mood at home with their child.

A

Exosystem

20
Q

The _____ is a system that relates to shifts and transitions over the child’s lifetime that influences development.
Ex: Parental divorce or changing schools when parents relocate for work.

A

Chronosystem

21
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:
Psychodynamic Perspective wherein personality develops through sequence of stages

A

Psychosocial Theory

22
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:
Learning Perspective wherein environment controls behavior

A

Behaviorism

23
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Learning Perspective wherein people learn through modeling and observing

A

Social Learning Theory

24
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Cognitive Perspective wherein thinking develops in a sequence of stages

A

Knowledge Construction Theory

25
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Cognitive Perspective wherein thought develops by increases in efficiency at handling information.

A

Information-processing Theory

26
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Cognitive Perspective wherein development is influenced by culture.

A

Vygotsky’s Theory

27
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Ecological and Systems Perspective wherein a developing person is embedded in a series of interacting systems.

A

Bronfenbrenner’s Theory

28
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Ecological and Systems Perspective wherein adaptation is optimal when ability and demands are in balance

A

Competence-environmental Press (Lawton and Nahemow)

29
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Life-span Perspective wherein development is multiply determined ; an optimization of goals.

A

Life-span perspective & selective optimization with compensation (SOC)

30
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Life-course Perspective wherein life course transitions are decreasingly tied to age; increased continuity overtime; specific life paths across domains are interdependent

A

Life-course Theory

31
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to develop a sense that the world is safe, or a “good place”.

A

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust

32
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to realize that one is an independent person who can make decisions and doubt.

A

Autonomy vs. Shame

33
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to develop the ability to try new things and handle failure.

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

34
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to learn basic skills and to work with others.

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

35
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to develop a lasting, integrated sense of self

A

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

36
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to commit to another in a loving relationship.

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

37
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to contribute to younger people through child rearing, childcare, mentoring, or other intergenerational work

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

38
Q

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: The challenge for this psychosocial stage is to view one’s life as satisfactory and having been worth living.

A

Integrity vs. Despair

39
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) Basic Trust vs. ____ develop?

A

1) Birth to 1 year
2) Mistrust

40
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) Autonomy vs. ____ develop?

A

1) 1 to 3 years
2) Shame

41
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) Initiative vs. ____ develop?

A

1) 3 to 6 years
2) Guilt

42
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) _____ vs. Inferiority develop?

A

1) 6 years to adolescence
2) Industry

43
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) Identity vs. ____ develop?

A

1) Adolescence
2) Identity Confusion

44
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) _____ vs. Isolation develop?

A

1) Young adulthood
2) Intimacy

45
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) _____ vs. Stagnation develop?

A

1) Middle Adulthood
2) Generativity

46
Q

At what 1) age does one’s psychosocial stage of 2) _____ vs. Despair develop?

A

1) Late Life
2) Integrity

developmental psychology (28 decks)

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