ASU Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Question 1

feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to them; characterized by behavior that reflects the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced; plays important roles in communication with others and behavioral organization

Answer 1

emotion

Question 2

provide the foundation for the infant’s developing attachment to the parent

Answer 2

emotion-linked interchanges

Question 3

provide the setting for the development of a rich variety of emotions

Answer 3

social relationships

Question 4

present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life

Answer 4

primary emotions

Question 5

require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”

Answer 5

self-conscious emotions

Question 6

variation of the basic cry, with more excess air forced through the vocal cords

Answer 6

anger cry

Question 7

sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding

Answer 7

pain cry

Question 8

smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli

Answer 8

reflexive smile

Question 9

fear and wariness of strangers, appears during the second half of the first year of life

Answer 9

stranger anxiety

Question 10

distressed crying when the caregiver leaves

Answer 10

separation protest

Question 11

Chess and Thomas’ classification

generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, adapts easily to new experiences

Answer 11

easy child

Question 12

Chess and Thomas’ classification

reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, slow to accept change

Answer 12

difficult child

Question 13

Chess and Thomas’ classification

low activity level, somewhat negative, displays a low intensity of mood

Answer 13

slow-to-warm-up child

Question 14

shy, subdued, timid child

Answer 14

Kagan’s behavioral inhibition

Question 15

extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, effortful control

Answer 15

Rothbart and Bates’ classification

Question 16

match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with

Answer 16

goodness of fit

Question 17

reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation

Answer 17

social referencing

Question 18

ATTACHMENT

infants become attached to the person that provides oral satisfaction

Answer 18

FREUD

Question 19

ATTACHMENT

contact comfort preferred over food

Answer 19

HARLOW

Question 20

ATTACHMENT

trust arises from physical comfort and sensitive care

Answer 20

ERIKSON

Question 21

Bowlby’s four phases of attachment

Answer 21

1) attachment to human figures
2) focus on one figure
3) specific attachments develop
4) become aware of others’ feelings

Question 22

use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment

Answer 22

securely attached babies

Question 23

show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver

Answer 23

insecure avoidant babies

Question 24

cling to the caregiver, then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness

Answer 24

insecure resistant babies

Question 25

show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented

Answer 25

insecure disorganized babies

Question 26

involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes

Answer 26

developmental cascade model

Question 27

parents time interactions so that the infants experience turn taking with the parents

Answer 27

scaffolding

Question 28

children socialize parents, just as parents socialize children

Answer 28

reciprocal socialization