ASU Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy Flashcards
feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to them; characterized by behavior that reflects the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced; plays important roles in communication with others and behavioral organization
emotion
provide the foundation for the infant’s developing attachment to the parent
emotion-linked interchanges
provide the setting for the development of a rich variety of emotions
social relationships
present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life
primary emotions
require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”
self-conscious emotions
variation of the basic cry, with more excess air forced through the vocal cords
anger cry
sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding
pain cry
smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli
reflexive smile
fear and wariness of strangers, appears during the second half of the first year of life
stranger anxiety
distressed crying when the caregiver leaves
separation protest
Chess and Thomas’ classification
generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, adapts easily to new experiences
easy child
Chess and Thomas’ classification
reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, slow to accept change
difficult child
Chess and Thomas’ classification
low activity level, somewhat negative, displays a low intensity of mood
slow-to-warm-up child
shy, subdued, timid child
Kagan’s behavioral inhibition
extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, effortful control
Rothbart and Bates’ classification
match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with
goodness of fit
reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation
social referencing
ATTACHMENT
infants become attached to the person that provides oral satisfaction
FREUD
ATTACHMENT
contact comfort preferred over food
HARLOW
ATTACHMENT
trust arises from physical comfort and sensitive care
ERIKSON
Bowlby’s four phases of attachment
1) attachment to human figures
2) focus on one figure
3) specific attachments develop
4) become aware of others’ feelings
use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
securely attached babies
show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver
insecure avoidant babies
cling to the caregiver, then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness
insecure resistant babies
show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented
insecure disorganized babies
involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes
developmental cascade model
parents time interactions so that the infants experience turn taking with the parents
scaffolding
children socialize parents, just as parents socialize children
reciprocal socialization
