ASU Chapter 19: Socio-emotional Development in Late Adulthood Flashcards
Involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent
Integrity vs. despair
Looking back at one’s life experiences, evaluating them, and interpreting/reinterpreting them
Life review
Discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group
Reminisce therapy
Existential identity; a sense of integrity strong enough to withstand physical disintegration
OLD AGE
Integrity vs. despair: wisdom
Caring for others, and empathy and concern
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Generativity vs. stagnation: care
Sense of complexity of relationships; value of tenderness and loving freely
EARLY ADULTHOOD
Intimacy vs. isolation: love
Sense of complexity of life; merger of sensory, logical, and aesthetic perception
ADOLESCENCE
Identity vs. confusion: fidelity
Humility; acceptance of the course of one’s life and unfulfilled hopes
SCHOOL AGE
Industry vs. inferiority: competence
Humor; empathy; resilience
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Initiative vs. guilt: purpose
Acceptance of the cycle of life, from integration to disintegration
TODDLERHOOD
Autonomy vs. shame: will
Appreciation of interdependence and relatedness
INFANCY
Basic trust vs. mistrust: hope
The more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives
Activity theory
Older adults become more selective about their social networks; spend more time with individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships
Socioemotional selectivity theory
Classes of goals
- Knowledge-related
- Emotional
States successful aging is related to following factors:
- Selection
- Optimization
- Compensation
Selective optimization with compensation theory
Older adults have a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains
Selection
It is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies
Optimization
Older adults need to compensate when life tasks require a higher level of capacity
Compensation
Predicts earlier death
Low conscientiousness and high neuroticism
Related to a lower risk of earlier death
Higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness
Predicts lower mortality risk from childhood through late adulthood
Conscientiousness
Self-esteem tends to decline significantly in the seventies and eighties because of:
- Being widowed, institutionalized, or physically impaired
- Having a low religious commitment
- Declining health
What individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming
Possible selves
Prejudice against others because of their age
Ageism
Physical and emotional caretaking for older members of the family
Eldercare
View that the aging society is being unfair to its younger members by receiving large allocations of resources
Generational inequity
Reduces the likelihood of being depressed by one-third
Technology
TRUE or FALSE:
Older adults who can sustain themselves living alone often have good health and few disabilities.
TRUE
In 2012, __ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years were married
58 percent
TRUE or FALSE:
Marital satisfaction is greater in middle-aged adults than older adults.
FALSE. Marital satisfaction is greater in older adults.
Remarriage is increasing due to:
- Rising divorce rates
- Increased longevity
- Better health
TRUE or FALSE:
With increasing age, attachment anxiety decreases.
TRUE
___________ attachment is linked to more perceived negative caregiver burden in caring for patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Insecure attachment
______ percent of older adults have living children, many of whom are middle-aged
Eighty percent
________ ____________ are more likely to be involved in the lives of aging parents
Adult daughters
TRUE or FALSE:
Family is more important than friendship in predicting mental health.
FALSE. Friendship is more important in predicting mental health.
Individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals to whom they give and from whom they receive social support
Convoy model of social relations
TRUE or FALSE:
A high level of social integration is linked with coronary heart disease in older adults.
FALSE. A low level of social integration.
Volunteering is associated with a number of positive outcomes:
- Constructive activities and productive roles
- Social integration
- Enhanced meaningfulness
TRUE or FALSE:
Elderly ethnic minority individuals face both ageism and racism; they are more likely to become ill but less likely to receive treatment.
TRUE
Factors that are important in living the good life as an older adult:
- Health
- Security
- Kinship/support
Factors that are likely to predict high status for older adults:
- Valuable knowledge
- Control key family/community resources
- Engage in useful/valued functions as long as possible
- Role continuity throughout the life span
- Age-related role changes that give greater responsibility, authority, and advisory capacity
- Extended family
- Respect for older adults
