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Developmental Psychology > ASU Chapter 1: Introduction > Flashcards

ASU Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Provide at least one (1) importance of studying Life-span Development

A
  • Prepares individual to take responsibility for children
  • Gives insight about individual’s lives
  • Provides knowledge about what individuals’ lives will be like as they age
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2
Q

Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through lifespan.

Involves growth as well as decline brought on by aging and dying.

A

Development

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3
Q

Constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.

A

Life-span perspective

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4
Q

Upper boundary of the human lifespan is ____ years.

A

122

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5
Q

What is the average life expectancy?

A

79 years

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE: There are currently more people over 60 than under 15

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Society is NOT reflective of the needs of younger individuals

A

FALSE ; it is

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8
Q

Provide at least 3 characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective

A

Development is/involves:
- Lifelong
- Multidimensional
- Multidirectional
- Plastic
- Multidisciplinary
- Contextual
- Growth, maintenance and regulation of loss
- Co-construction of biology, culture, and individual

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9
Q

TYPES OF CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES: Form of influence similar for individuals in a particular age group

A

Normative age-graded influences

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10
Q

TYPES OF CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES: Form of influence common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances

A

Normative history-graded influences

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11
Q

TYPES OF CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES: Form of influence involving unusual occurences that have a major impact on an individual’s life.

A

Nonnormative life events

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12
Q

What are the 4 contemporary concerns under the Life-span Perspective?

A
  • Health and well-being
  • Parenting and education
  • Sociocultural contexts and diversity
  • Social Policy
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13
Q

Behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation

A

Culture

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14
Q

A type of study involving a comparison of one culture with one or more cultures.

A

Cross-cultural studies

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15
Q

Based on cultural heritage, nationality, characteristics, race, religion and language

A

Ethnicity

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16
Q

Grouping of people with similar occupational, educational and economic characteristics.

A

Socioeconomic Status

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17
Q

Characteristics of people as males or females

A

Gender

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18
Q

National government’s course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens

A

Social Policy

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19
Q

Enumerate the 3 processes under the Nature of Development

A
  • Biological
  • Cognitive
  • Socioemotional
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20
Q

A process under the Nature of Development that includes changes in an individual’s physical nature.

A

Biological Processes

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21
Q

A process under the Nature of Development that includes an individual’s thought, intelligence, and language

A

Cognitive Processes

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22
Q

A process under the Nature of Development that involves changes in an individual’s relationships with other people, emotions and personality.

A

Socioemotional Processes

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23
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Are the biological, cognitive and socioemotional processes bidirectional and inextricably intertwined?

A

TRUE

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24
Q

A form of neuroscience that explores links between development, cognitive processes, and the brain.

A

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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25
Q

A form of neuroscience that examines connections between socioemotional processes, development, and the brain

A

Developmental Social Neuroscience

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26
Q

Refers to a time frame in a person’s life that is characterized by certain features

A

Developmental Period

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27
Q

Enumerate the eight (8) Periods of Development

A
  • Prenatal Period
  • Infancy
  • Early Childhood
  • Middle and Late Childhood
  • Adolescence
  • Early Adulthood
  • Middle Adulthood
  • Late Adulthood
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28
Q

What is the age range of the Prenatal Period under the Periods of Development?

A

Conception to Birth

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29
Q

What is the age range of Infancy under the Periods of Development?

A

Birth to 18-24 Months

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30
Q

What is the age range of Early Childhood under the Periods of Development?

A

3-5 Years Old

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31
Q

What is the age range of Middle and Late Childhood under the Periods of Development?

A

6-10/11 Years Old

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32
Q

What is the age range of Adolescence under the Periods of Development?

A

10-12 to 18-21 Years Old

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33
Q

What is the age range of Early Adulthood under the Periods of Development?

A

20s and 30s

34
Q

What is the age range of Middle Adulthood under the Periods of Development?

A

40s and 50s

35
Q

What is the age range of Late Adulthood under the Periods of Development?

A

60s-70s till Death

36
Q

Those who focus on adult development and aging typically describe life-span in terms of?

A

Four Ages

37
Q

Under the Four Ages, this age contains Childhood and Adolescence

A

First Age

38
Q

Under the Four Ages, this age contains Prime Adulthood (ages 20 through 59)

A

Second Age

39
Q

Under the Four Ages, this age contains people of ages approximately 60 to 79

A

Third Age

40
Q

Under the Four Ages, this age contains people of ages approximately 80 years and older

A

Fourth Age

41
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Development in one period is NOT connected to development in another period

A

FALSE

42
Q

A form of aging that characterizes most individuals

A

Normal Aging

43
Q

A form of aging that characterizes those who show greater than average decline

A

Pathological Aging

44
Q

A form of aging whose positive development is maintained longer

A

Successful Aging

45
Q

What are the 3 Developmental Patterns of Aging?

A

Normal, Pathological and Successful

46
Q

Age describing number of years that have elapsed since birth

A

Chronological Age

47
Q

Age in terms of biological health

A

Biological Age

48
Q

Age that describes an individual’s adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age

A

Psychological Age

49
Q

Age that describes a connectedness with others and the social roles individuals adopt

A

Social Age

50
Q

A form of Developmental Issue wherein it is a debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture

A

Nature-nurture Issue

51
Q

An organism’s biological inheritance

A

Nature

52
Q

One’s environmental experiences

A

Nurture

53
Q

A form of Developmental Issue wherein it is a debate about whether an individual becomes an older rendition of their early experience or develops into someone different from who they were at an earlier point in development

A

Stability-change Issue

54
Q

A form of Developmental Issue wherein it is a debate about the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages

A

Continuity-discontinuity Issue

55
Q

What are the six (6) theories under Theories of Development?

A
  • Psychoanalytic
  • Cognitive
  • Behavioral and Social Cognitive
  • Ethological
  • Ecological
  • Eclectic Theoretical Orientation
56
Q

An approach that can be used to obtain accurate information

A

Scientific Method

57
Q

The 4 steps under the Scientific Method

A
  • Problem Conceptualization
  • Data Collection
  • Conclusion
  • Revision of Conclusion and Theory
58
Q

Interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions

A

Theory

59
Q

Specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy

A

Hypotheses

60
Q

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Theory wherein development is primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion ; early experiences with parents extensively shape development

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

61
Q

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: A theory that places human development under eight stages. Ex. Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

62
Q

COGNITIVE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: What are the Four Stages under Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development?

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete Operational
  • Formal Operational
63
Q

COGNITIVE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.

A

Vygotsky’s Theory

64
Q

COGNITIVE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Theory that emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it

A

Information-processing Theory

65
Q

BEHAVIORAL & SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Theory wherein development consists of the pattern of behavioral changes that are brought about by punishment and reward

A

Skinner’s Operant Conditioning

66
Q

BEHAVIORAL & SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Theory that emphasizes behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development.

A

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

67
Q

BEHAVIORAL & SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: What are the three interacting factors under Bandura’s Social Cognitive Model?

A
  • Behavior
  • Person/Cognitive
  • Environment
68
Q

ETHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Study of behavior that stresses the fact that its strongly influenced by biology, tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.

A

Ethology

69
Q

ETHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: Who helped bring Ethology to prominence?

A

Konrad Lorenz

70
Q

ETHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT: He theorized that attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important consequences throughout the lifespan.

A

John Bowlby

71
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Eclectic Theoretical Orientation follows only one theoretical approach.

A

FALSE ; It selects from any theory wherein its considered the best.

72
Q

Enumerate the 5 Methods for Collecting Data

A
  • Observation
  • Survey and Interview
  • Standardized Test
  • Case Study
  • Physiological Measures
73
Q

Studies that involve observing behavior in real-world settings

A

Naturalistic Observation

74
Q

Enumerate the 3 Research Designs

A
  • Descriptive Research
  • Correlational Research
  • Experimental Research
75
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS: Type of research designed to observe and record behavior

A

Descriptive Research

76
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS: Type of research used to describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics

A

Correlational Research

77
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS: A number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables

A

Correlation Coefficient

78
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS: Type of research that contains independent and dependent variables as well as experimental and control groups

A

Experimental Research

79
Q

TIME SPAN OF RESEARCH: A research approach wherein individuals of different ages are compared at one time.

A

Cross-sectional Approach

80
Q

TIME SPAN OF RESEARCH: A research approach wherein the same individuals are studied over a long period of time, usually several years or more.

A

Longitudinal Approach

81
Q

TIME SPAN OF RESEARCH: Effects due to a person’s time of birth, era, or generation rather than the person’s actual age.

A

Cohort Effects

82
Q

A form of ethnic bias wherein it uses an ethnic label in a superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogenous than it really is.

A

Ethnic Gloss

Developmental Psychology (28 decks)

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