ASU Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Question 1

THE SELF:
TRUE or FALSE: Children describe themselves in terms of physical characteristics and traits. (ex. I’m strong! I can lift this.)

Answer 1

FALSE, they describe themselves in psychological characteristics and traits. (ex. I’m nice. I’m helpful!)

Question 2

THE SELF:
TRUE or FALSE: Children are able to recognize social aspects of the self.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

THE SELF:
Social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings.

Answer 3

Perspective Taking

Question 4

THE SELF:
Global evaluations of the self. Referred to as one’s self-worth or self-image.

Answer 4

Self-esteem

Question 5

THE SELF:
Domain-specific evaluations of the self.

Answer 5

Self-concept

Question 6

THE SELF:
SELF-CONCEPT or SELF-ESTEEM?
“I’m a good person.”

Answer 6

Self-esteem

Question 7

THE SELF:
SELF-CONCEPT or SELF-ESTEEM?
“I’m good at math.”

Answer 7

Self-concept

Question 8

THE SELF:
TRUE or FALSE: Do children with high self-esteem perform better in school?

Answer 8

FALSE, they do not.

Question 9

THE SELF:
Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

Answer 9

Self-efficacy

Question 10

THE SELF:
Characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one’s behavior, emotions and thoughts.

Answer 10

Self-regulation

Question 11

THE SELF:
Children become interested in how things are made and how they work.

Answer 11

Industry

Question 12

THE SELF:
Parents who see their children’s efforts as mischief encourage….?

Answer 12

Inferiority

Question 13

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Provide at least (3) out of the (6) emotional developmental changes in middle and late childhood.

Answer 13

• Improved emotional understanding
• Increased understanding that one may experience more than one emotion
• Increased awareness of events that may lead to emotional reactions
• Ability to suppress/conceal negative emotional reactions
• Use of self-initiated strategies for redirecting feelings
• Capacity for genuine empathy

Question 14

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Enumerate the (4) outcomes for children who experience disasters

Answer 14

• Acute Stress Reactions
• Depression
• Panic Disorder
• PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder)

Question 15

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
Enumerate the (3) levels under Kohlberg’s Moral Development.

Answer 15

• Preconventional Reasoning
• Conventional Reasoning
• Postconventional Reasoning

Question 16

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
Preconventional, Conventional, or Postconventional?
- Heteronomous Morality
- Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

Answer 16

Preconventional Reasoning

Question 17

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
Preconventional, Conventional, or Postconventional?
- Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships and conformity
- Social System Morality

Answer 17

Conventional Reasoning

Question 18

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
Preconventional, Conventional, or Postconventional?
- Social Contact or Utility and Individual Rights
- Univeral Ethical Principles

Answer 18

Postconventional Reasoning

Question 19

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
In this stage, children obey because adults tell them to obey. People base their moral decisions on fear of punishment.

Answer 19

STAGE 1: Heteronomous Morality

Question 20

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
In this stage, individuals pursue their own interests but let others do the same. What is right involves equal exchange.

Answer 20

STAGE 2: Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange

Question 21

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
In this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis for moral judgements.

Answer 21

STAGE 3: Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Interpersonal Conformity

Question 22

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
In this stage, moral judgements are based on understanding the social order, law, justice and duty.

Answer 22

STAGE 4: Social System Morality

Question 23

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
In this stage, individuals reason that values, rights, and principles transcend the law.

Answer 23

STAGE 5: Social Contract or Utility and Individual rights

Question 24

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
In this stage, moral judgements are based on universal human rights. A personal, individualized conscience is followed when faced with a dilemma between law and conscience.

Answer 24

STAGE 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Question 25

**KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** In this level, there is **no internalization**.

Answer 25

Preconventional Reasoning

Question 26

**KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** In this level, there is **immediate internalization**.

Answer 26

Conventional Reasoning

Question 27

**KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** In this level, there is **full internalization**.

Answer 27

Postconventional Reasoning

Question 28

**KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** Provide at least (3) out of the (6) critiques given to Kohlberg’s theory.

Answer 28

- Moral Thought and Behavior - Conscious/Deliberate vs Unconscious/Automatic - Cultural and Moral Reasoning - Role of Emotion - Families and Moral Development - Gender and Care Perspective

Question 29

**KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** **Gender and Care Perspective Critique:** This perspective **focuses on the rights of the individual** and in which individuals independently make moral decisions.

Answer 29

Justice Perspective

Question 30

**KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** **Gender and Care Perspective Critique:** This perspective views people in terms of their **connectedness with others**.

Answer 30

Care Perspective

Question 31

**MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** This theory identifies **different domains** of social knowledge and reasoning.

Answer 31

Domain Theory of Moral Development

Question 32

**MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** Enumerate the (3) domains under the Domain Theory of Moral Development.

Answer 32

- Moral - Social Conventional - Personal

Question 33

**MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** This focuses on **conventional rules** that have been established by **social consenus** in ordr to control behavior and maintain the social system.

Answer 33

Social Conventional Reasoning

Question 34

**MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** This type of moral behavior occurs more in adolescence than in childhood. (I.e., showing empathy or acting altruistically)

Answer 34

Prosocial Moral Behavior

Question 35

**MORAL DEVELOPMENT:** Enumerate the (3) components of Moral Personality

Answer 35

- Moral Identity - Moral Character - Moral Exemplars

Question 36

**GENDER:** Broad categories that reflect **general impressions and beliefs** about males and females.

Answer 36

Gender Stereotypes

Question 37

**GENDER:** **TRUE or FALSE:** Girls have better verbal skills than boys.

Answer 37

**TRUE**

Question 38

**GENDER:** Presence of positive **masculine and feminine characteristics** in the **same individual**.

Answer 38

Androgyny

Question 39

**FAMILIES:** **TRUE or FALSE:** Parents use less **emotional forms** of punishment as children age.

Answer 39

**FALSE**, they use less **physical forms**.

Question 40

**FAMILIES:** **TRUE OR FALSE:** Parents spend **less time** with children during middle and late childhood.

Answer 40

**TRUE**

Question 41

**FAMILIES:** Secure attachment is associated with the following (3) lower levels of…?

Answer 41

- Internalized Symptoms - Anxiety - Depression

Question 42

**PEERS:** **TRUE or FALSE:** Children’s preference for **same-sex peer groups** increases.

Answer 42

**TRUE**

Question 43

**PEERS:** **Peer Status:** These children are frequently nominated as a best friend and are **rarely disliked** by their peers.

Answer 43

Popular Children

Question 44

**PEERS:** **Peer Status:** These children receive an **average number** of both positive and negative nominations from peers.

Answer 44

Average Children

Question 45

**PEERS:** **Peer Status:** These children are infrequently nominated as a best friend, but are **not disliked** by their peers.

Answer 45

Neglected Children

Question 46

**PEERS:** **Peer Status:** These children are infrequently nominated as a best friend *and* are **actively disliked** by their peers.

Answer 46

Rejected Children

Question 47

**PEERS:** **Peer Status:** These children are frequently nominated **both** as someone’s bestfriend *and* as being actively disliked by their peers.

Answer 47

Controversial Children

Question 48

**PEERS:** Thoughts about social matters. Important for understanding peer relationships.

Answer 48

Social Cognition

Question 49

**PEERS:** Verbal or physical behavior intended to **disturb someone less powerful**.

Answer 49

Bullying

Question 50

**PEERS:** **TRUE or FALSE:** **Boys** *and* younger middle school students are most likely to be affected by bullying.

Answer 50

**TRUE**

Question 51

**PEERS:** Provide the (3) possible outcomes of bullying.

Answer 51

- Depression - Suicidal Ideation - Attempted Suicide

Question 52

**PEERS:** These people are typically characterized by similarity, and serve the functions of **Companionship**, **Affection and Intimacy**, and **Stimulation** to name a few.

Answer 52

Friends

Question 53

**PEERS:** Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts are present when there is ______ in friendships.

Answer 53

Intimacy

Question 54

**SCHOOLS:** This approach to learning is a *learner-centered approach* that emphasizes the importance of one actively **constructing their own knowledge qnd understanding** with guidance from a teacher.

Answer 54

Constructivist Approach

Question 55

**SCHOOLS:** This approach to learning is a structured, *teacher-centered approach* characterized by **high expectations for progress** and **mastery of academic skills** just to name a few.

Answer 55

Direct-instruction Approach

Question 56

**SCHOOLS:** What does the **NCLB** in NCLB Legislation stand for?

Answer 56

No Child Left Behind

Question 57

**SCHOOLS:** **TRUE or FALSE:** Students from low-income areas **face more barriers to learning**.

Answer 57

**TRUE**

Question 58

**SCHOOLS:** The **cognitive view** individuals develop for themselves.

Answer 58

Mindset

Question 59

**SCHOOLS:** What are the (2) types of mindsets?

Answer 59

- Fixed Mindset - Growth Mindset